4.5.1 Compile Time Type Errors

   

If the compiler can prove at compile time that some portion of the program cannot be executed without a type error, then it will give a warning at compile time. It is possible that the offending code would never actually be executed at run-time due to some higher level consistency constraint unknown to the compiler, so a type warning doesn't always indicate an incorrect program. For example, consider this code fragment:

(defun raz (foo)
  (let ((x (case foo
             (:this 13)
             (:that 9)
             (:the-other 42))))
    (declare (fixnum x))
    (foo x)))

Compilation produces this warning:

In: DEFUN RAZ
  (CASE FOO (:THIS 13) (:THAT 9) (:THE-OTHER 42))
-> LET COND IF COND IF COND IF 
==>
  (COND)
Warning: This is not a FIXNUM:
  NIL

In this case, the warning is telling you that if foo isn't any of :this, :that or :the-other, then x will be initialized to nil, which the fixnum declaration makes illegal. The warning will go away if ecase is used instead of case, or if :the-other is changed to t.

This sort of spurious type warning happens moderately often in the expansion of complex macros and in inline functions. In such cases, there may be dead code that is impossible to correctly execute. The compiler can't always prove this code is dead (could never be executed), so it compiles the erroneous code (which will always signal an error if it is executed) and gives a warning.

[Function]
extensions:required-argument

This function can be used as the default value for keyword arguments that must always be supplied. Since it is known by the compiler to never return, it will avoid any compile-time type warnings that would result from a default value inconsistent with the declared type. When this function is called, it signals an error indicating that a required keyword argument was not supplied. This function is also useful for defstruct slot defaults corresponding to required arguments. See section 5.2.5.

Although this function is a CMU extension, it is relatively harmless to use it in otherwise portable code, since you can easily define it yourself:

(defun required-argument ()
      (error "A required keyword argument was not supplied."))
    

Type warnings are inhibited when the extensions:inhibit-warnings optimization quality is 3 (see section 4.7.) This can be used in a local declaration to inhibit type warnings in a code fragment that has spurious warnings.