Week 4
LBSC 690
Information Technology
Multimedia
![](3D"slide0001_image001.jpg")
Agenda
What’s a Document?
------=_NextPart_01C5BE12.B4A86230
Content-Location: file:///C:/A678DAE2/690f054b_files/slide0096.htm
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
&#=
8226;Content
&#=
8226;Structure
&#=
8226;Appearance
&#=
8226;Behavior
History of Structured Documents
&#=
8226;Early
standards were “typesetting languages”
&=
#8211;NROFF,
TeX, LaTeX, SGML
&#=
8226;HTML
was developed for the Web
&=
#8211;Too
specialized for other uses
&#=
8226;Specialized
standards met other needs
&=
#8211;Change
tracking in Word, annotating manuscripts, …
&#=
8226;XML
seeks to unify these threads
&=
#8211;One
standard format for printing, viewing, processing
Goals of XML
&#=
8226;Metalanguage
&=
#8211;A
toolkit for design markup languages
&#=
8226;Unambiguous
markup
&=
#8211;Clear
span of tags
&#=
8226;Separate
markup from presentation
&#=
8211;Style
info =3D> stylesheet, so easy to change
&#=
8226;Be
simple
A Family of Standards
&#=
8226;Definition:
DTD
&#=
8211;Names
known types of entities with “labels”
&#=
8211;Defines
part-whole and is-a relationships
&#=
8226;Markup:
XML
&#=
8211;“Tags” regio=
ns of
text with labels
&#=
8226;Markup:
XLink
&=
#8211;Defines
“hypertext” (and other) link relationships
<=
/div>
------=_NextPart_01C5BE12.B4A86230
Content-Location: file:///C:/A678DAE2/690f054b_files/slide0104.htm
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
&#=
8226;Presentation:
XSL
&=
#8211;Specifies
how each type of entity should be “rendered”
Some XML Applications
•Text Encoding
Initiative
–For adding annotati=
on
to historical manuscripts
•Encoded Archival
Description
–To enhance automated
processing of finding aids
•Metadata Encoding a=
nd
Transmission Standard
–Bundles descriptive=
and
administrative metadata
–=
http://www.loc.gov/standards/mets/
<=
/div>
The Gullibility of Human Senses
&#=
8226;Three
simple tricks for producing
&=
#8211;Images
&=
#8211;Video
&=
#8211;Audio
=
226;But…
how do you move the bits around fast enough?
![](3D"slide0115_image002.jpg")
Seurat,
Georges, A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte
![](3D"slide0020_image004.jpg")
![](3D"slide0025_image006.jpg")
Visual Perception
&#=
8226;Closely
spaced dots appear solid
&=
#8211;But
irregularities in diagonal lines can stand out
&#=
8226;Any
color can be produced from just three
&=
#8211;Red,
Blue and Green: “additive” primary colors
&#=
8226;High
frame rates produce apparent motion
&#=
8211;Smooth
motion requires about 24 frames/sec
&#=
8226;Visual
acuity varies markedly across features
&=
#8211;Discontinuities
easily seen, absolutes less crucial
Basic Image Coding
&#=
8226;Raster
of picture elements (pixels)
&=
#8211;Each
pixel has a “color”
&=
#8226;Binary
- black/white (1 bit)
&=
#8226;Grayscale
(8 bits)
&=
#8226;Color (3 colors, 8 bits each)
&=
#8211;Red,
green, blue
&#=
8226;Screen
&=
#8211;A
1024x768 image requires 2.4 MB
&=
#8226;So
a picture is worth 400,000 words!
Monitor Characteristics
------=_NextPart_01C5BE12.B4A86230
Content-Location: file:///C:/A678DAE2/690f054b_files/slide0004.htm
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
•Technology (CRT,
Flat panel)
•Size (15, 17, 1=
9,
21 inch)
–Measured
diagonally
–For CRT, key fi=
gure
is “viewable area”
•Resolution
=
–640x480, 800x60=
0,
1024x768, 1280x1024 pixels
•Layout (three d=
ot,
lines)
•Dot pitch (0.26,
0.28)
•Refresh rate (6=
0,
72, 80 Hz)
Some Questions
&#=
8226;How
many images can a 64 MB flash card store?
&=
#8211;But
mine holds 120. How?
&#=
8226;How
long will it take to send an image at 64kb/s?
&#=
8211;But
my Web page loads faster than that.
How?
&#=
8226;But
in reality images don’t have these problems
&=
#8211;How
do we get around these problems?
Compression
•Goal: reduce
redundancy
–Send the same
information using fewer bits
–<=
/span>
•Originally
developed for fax transmission
–Send high quali=
ty
documents in short calls
–<=
/span>
•Two basic
strategies:
–Lossless: can
reconstruct exactly
–Lossy: can̵=
7;t
reconstruct, but looks the same
![](3D"slide0006_image007.gif")
Palette Selection
&#=
8226;Opportunity:
&#=
8211;No
picture uses all 16 million colors
&=
#8211;Human
eye does not see small differences
&#=
8226;Approach:
&#=
8211;Select
a palette of 256 colors
&=
#8211;Indicate
which palette entry to use for each pixel
&#=
8211;Look
up each color in the palette
…=
;
…=
;
Run-Length Encoding
&#=
8226;Opportunity:
&=
#8211;Large
regions of a single color are common
&#=
8226;Approach:
&=
#8211;Record
# of consecutive pixels for each color
&#=
8226;An
example of lossless encoding
GIF
&#=
8226;Palette
selection, then lossless compression
&#=
8226;Opportunity:
&=
#8211;Common
colors are sent more often
&#=
8226;Approach:
&=
#8211;Use
fewer bits to represent common colors
&=
#8226;1 Blue 75% 75x1=3D 75 75x2=3D150
&=
#8226;01 White 20% 20x2=3D 40 20x2=3D 40
&=
#8226;001 Red 5% 5x3=3D 15 5x2=3D=
10
=
; &n=
bsp;
=
; 130 =
;
200
![](3D"slide0028_image008.gif")
![](3D"slide0028_image009.gif")
JPEG
&#=
8226;Opportunity:
&=
#8211;Eye
sees sharp lines better than subtle shading
&#=
8226;Approach:
&=
#8211;Retain
detail only for the most important parts
&#=
8211;Accomplished
with Discrete Cosine Transform
&=
#8226;Allows
user-selectable fidelity
&#=
8226;Results:
&=
#8211;Typical
compression 20:1
Variable Compression in JPEG
![](3D"slide0027_image011.jpg")
![](3D"slide0027_image013.jpg")
37 kB (20%)
4 kB (95%)
Discussion Point:
JPEG vs. GIF in Web images=
JPEG vs. GIF in Web images=
•
•Which format shoul=
d I
use for images in my Web pages?
•Color photos
<=
/span>
•Scanned black &
white text
•Line drawings
Hands-On Exercise:
Convert Between Formats
Convert Between Formats
•Download and save t=
wo
images
•Use Microsoft Paint=
to
convert each to the other format, and compare
quality and the size
•Why the
difference?
<=
/div>
Discussion Point: When is =
Lossless
Compression Important?
&#=
8226;For
images?
&#=
8226;For
text?
&#=
8226;For
sound?
&#=
8226;For
video?
Basic Video Coding
&#=
8226;Display
a sequence of images
&=
#8211;Fast
enough for smooth motion and no flicker
&#=
8226;NTSC
Video
&=
#8211;60
“interlaced” half-frames/sec, 512x486
&#=
8226;HDTV
&=
#8211;30
“progressive” full-frames/sec, 1280x720
Video Compression
&#=
8226;Opportunity:
&=
#8211;One
frame looks very much like the next
&#=
8226;Approach:
&=
#8211;Record
only the pixels that change
&#=
8226;Standards:
&=
#8211;MPEG-1:
Web video (file download)
&=
#8211;MPEG-2:
HDTV and DVD
&=
#8211;MPEG-4:
Web video (streaming)
Basic Audio Coding
&#=
8226;Sample
at twice the highest frequency
&=
#8211;One
or two bytes per sample
&#=
8226;Speech
(0-4 kHz) requires 8 kB/s
&=
#8211;Standard
telephone channel (1-byte samples)
&#=
8226;Music
(0-22kHz) requires 88 kB/s
&=
#8211;Standard
for CD-quality audio (2-byte samples)
Speech Compression
•Opportunity:
–Human voices vary in
predictable ways
•Approach:
–Predict what’s
next, then send only any corrections
•Standards:
–Real audio can code
speech in 6.5 kb/sec
–Scroll down to near=
the
bottom
How do MP3s work?
&#=
8226;Opportunity:
–The
human ear cannot hear all frequencies at once,
all the time
&#=
8226;Approach:
R=
11;Don’t
represent things that the human ear cannot hear
Human Hearing Response
![](3D"slide0117_image015.gif")
------=_NextPart_01C5BE12.B4A86230
Content-Location: file:///C:/A678DAE2/690f054b_files/slide0117_image014.png
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Type: image/png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------=_NextPart_01C5BE12.B4A86230
Content-Location: file:///C:/A678DAE2/690f054b_files/slide0117_image015.gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Type: image/gif
R0lGODlhnQGXAHcAMSH+GlNvZnR3YXJlOiBNaWNyb3NvZnQgT2ZmaWNlACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAgCb
AZMAhQAAAAAAABoaGiMjIzs7O0xMTEhISEJCQkpKSkVFRV9fX25ubmNjY3t7e2JiYnV1dXNzc5mZ
maKiorGxsaWlpcrKyt/f383NzfX19ebm5vPz8/v7++rq6uzs7Pf39+jo6PHx8f39/f///wECAwEC
AwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwEC
AwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwb/QIBwSCwaj8ikcslsOp/QqNQYAFSv1im0SuQWvUxw
Uqwtm8/otHrNbrvfSy42WyZ/xfbnNS/kw/+AgYKDhIVuc1l+cU14dUOKSpCGk5SVlpeYVmABnF10
n5xeiH2Pm2Sin12icqStj32SmbKztLW2X7irupqonbygsKm/ocLErnvBpci3zM3Oz4S+yXK9rKV0
vtbZVK+nq8HS1Jqu0OXm5+hhqsCkje3aiKierdLJ4+2v+OTp/P3+t/XEBexmLVHBZd7onbLXKZu4
fP8iSpwYjZ1FY4nAZey1EdexI6MMxgtHsaTJkyi11EvJsqXLl072hIRJs6bNmzhz6tzJs6fP/59A
gwqN2RGL0aJIjypNynSp06ZQn0qNSnWq1apYr2rNynWr165gZ1bCKO8ixLLySH5ca5btNrdn48KN
J7et3Yd366LVyxeu345/9wb+Nbgwu1iCEA9dzJiW4j+PG0uezHIXN8qYM2OKHCXgSs6aQ4tWCchY
w4WjU6tmA5rRvbL2Vsue7dijsH20c8MUC6d1pFANIV7TTfzlSolLcd8uznwixsTL3wSn4ru59VnH
E1dfNA/k9e/+sg/ankY8+PMAyZPGjr69s+eT1J8x774+Jfo65dvfPwX/eOz68ScgIwGuJ0uBAyZ4
GXsHIqjggw5SFOGDAk7YH4AWUuhehp1x6P+ahiA6woyHcZAYYnMm/pPiibqtqAdkn3njIourzUgU
ZMDYYSONo+34IYxs6cPjkMrll1FsRRIJoo834vgaN0wquViUP0p3kHdSskhlldLR492WWfLk3010
8QFmmDudGUl08bGJJnrw1fjmgGM2EyVvc36npop52rfnFuz92WdJgr7I4KDgFWpoJngiKpuiEUHq
6DmSAtpgpZO+1xKVmGY6YmVuFtKop5TV2WKopDJmaniBpipapwZ2qYqOqLr6E6yxtrEML+7Yihmu
us6Xz2lQ+ioZsLniE6ce8NhmrKpG2gYcZ8TA1s2zQY26KZALCodtT6vWVK23YQRnrZDf4qT/rUt4
TvsYsdPlkm60QEGyrie9FjsvTfeKe+i+uyEbTbzQCQzwmo2ZyWtpB29rcG/qWNhvw9A8zDAS4Ypo
ccMbWzIuwx2nOzG45QZyLsXlZOzTnSE/u+xkI0OcJMq2tJwmzea8HNqdOFdsc5uH/jxnzMeafEe3
PR+YqlgnJ11wokYr5GytTq8h9L+HnIVa1aKqnNqEgnWHJNdo4EVq2GJTTTaBV9tZ0XLPte2n3O85
SJZ5+a5NFNHW8Yy03hgTBvjMg8tLpN+F/0Y3crX97fRRbyJOXdUfJ85l2vM+5ajkWIp8pKuccmcs
5KNjPcbi7N6TeehNRv45wHwHKwXq6FRL/3vRprt2u8dQDZ4irWbsbvS4TVteEfCOkA4zU8Zb+p/q
hM/uNaiaNy8idGMjqDz1VFmvhodqkRuszTJB771JJ3MYe23rn3991Lf9ruL07n//9hhjUUp//VZ3
Hfgl+5MZ/5a3GbWBbIAAyd1YbCQ8BF4IAwDIQAQnKMEKUvCCFswgBjcoQQ0AoAILYEAWRAAADnDw
hBpMIQA6AAASBmAADgDABFqIwhqq8IY2zCEOd6jDHvLwhz4MIhCHKMQiElGCHwAAAQyIIwRMUAga
hOIFpWhBKj5xg1YkoRAEsAAK0NCKEgTjEKK4wiE8AAIJAIAChpBEMboRi3AkoxynGEc6zv+xinXE
4x2vuMcw5pGPdgykHgUJyEEaspCI9GMfx0jHANrvU9pzYDo4B8nyOFKS92MUpWpVPUzWToHPIMuw
eDMj4TEwf/UKiyq/IhN3AWeVsGRlLGcpS6OYi5a4rGUuVenJXvoSYaKamrpQeZ9LMsuYsytmMZGp
DmU8z5km25qTxHe8Np3yPsQ0BNpkJUxuwkJ91HweM1vnP22WMnpWS0uGkMetcLIGmkBj4iOtac1x
lkh+qpNY5y4mz/cR7H4rctGunvk7nXGzeP07WjSVsU6Ewg+f8XllOftpIB/Zc2ok0sVFtYZO2RW0
o7IrJz43uqCMKlSf2SxIMAvavmT9h6WzFO0PSSQWjn8e4jPRxANJf8nTnvr0p0ANqlCHStSiGhV/
Oz3oUVVTuZohqXgNXKroRmSt8El1Z1/yFkfw9TrAFKNze3HoVXMyLXiaxnbksN1xBjocIaFFlGMV
CsFmeq1xVKNMzerV3coXkqjGVVoMsYjUBNesWTkrbsLx61//h9HPbfWrdt1nXEjnkLwtNj/SlOhe
a4oQs2Z2sA6J6WWnFFLMdWa0s5FPSzGmWNQmU7UHCwIAOw==
------=_NextPart_01C5BE12.B4A86230
Content-Location: file:///C:/A678DAE2/690f054b_files/slide0118.htm
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
Experiment: Put a person in a quiet room. Raise level of 1kHz tone until just barely audible. Vary the frequency and plot the
results.
Frequency Masking
![](3D"slide0118_image017.gif")
Experiment: Play 1kHz tone
(masking tone) at fixed level (60db). Play test tone at a different level and raise level until =
just
distinguishable. V=
ary
the frequency of the test tone and plot the threshold when it becomes audible.
Temporal Masking
![](3D"slide0119_image019.gif")
If we hear a loud sound, then it stops, =
it
takes a while until we =
can
hear a soft tone at about the same frequency.
Putting it all together…
&#=
8226;Psychoacoustic
compression:
&#=
8211;Eliminate
sounds below threshold of hearing
&=
#8211;Eliminate
sounds that are frequency masked
&=
#8211;Eliminate
sounds that are temporally masked
–Eliminate
stereo information for low frequencies
Transmission
&#=
8226;Download
&=
#8211;Transfer
the whole file, then start replay
&=
#8211;Can
be very slow for large files
&#=
8226;Streaming
&=
#8211;Play
the file as it is received
&=
#8226;Also
suitable for live broadcasts
&=
#8211;Requires
a sufficiently fast connection
The “Last Mile”
&#=
8226;Traditional
modems
&=
#8211;“56” kb/sec =
modems
really move ~3 kB/sec
&#=
8226;Digital
Subscriber Lines
&=
#8211;384
kb/sec downloads (~38 kB/sec)
&=
#8211;128
kb/sec uploads (~12 kB/sec)
&#=
8226;Cable
modems
&=
#8211;10
Mb/sec downloads (~1 MB/sec)
&=
#8211;256
kb/sec uploads (~25kB/sec)
![](3D"slide0011_image020.gif")
Streaming Audio and Video<=
/div>
• Interrupts
replay when “rebuffering”
Media Sever
![](3D"slide0011_image022.gif")
![](3D"slide0011_image023.gif")
![](3D"slide0011_image025.gif")
------=_NextPart_01C5BE12.B4A86230
Content-Location: file:///C:/A678DAE2/690f054b_files/slide0011_image020.gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Type: image/gif
R0lGODlhMwAzAHcAMSH+GlNvZnR3YXJlOiBNaWNyb3NvZnQgT2ZmaWNlACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAAx
ADEAgQAAAAAAAP//zAECAwK0hI8Wy+0PY0iIiYuz3hxbMSVfR5bXeB6oyWar97ZmM0v2TbfLifeB
J9v9ZKzhsGj04YC6IzEY/Cl9pyhvKmEin09nSYi9VZugsG285ULJap21XXzDv/J5x0va2fP1vQZ/
B+gH0jeIVmO4Iai4uNfo8jgXyZP4V2g4WVbpcjmYqbdJyBb6malWGnr4ZcqFmupK2ukHu0lbaZuI
iynryGsXmRMbGALA2sVIrJIqWpYsYoZFQVEAADs=
------=_NextPart_01C5BE12.B4A86230
Content-Location: file:///C:/A678DAE2/690f054b_files/slide0011_image021.wmz
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Type: image/x-wmz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------=_NextPart_01C5BE12.B4A86230
Content-Location: file:///C:/A678DAE2/690f054b_files/slide0011_image022.gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Type: image/gif
R0lGODlhMgA2AHcAMSH+GlNvZnR3YXJlOiBNaWNyb3NvZnQgT2ZmaWNlACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAQAx
ADQAgwAAAAAAAGaZf4y/jIy/v7ilxbPZs7Ll5fLl8un29v///wECAwECAwECAwECAwECAwT/EMhJ
q70Wacy7r1qIfCQWnMFxAGJbvgCaHrKqniLsycHg+7SZLTjSXU434S3BQyYDRooTeRKgEthrIpiM
xgKEpGBsDWCZ5esTqiOAwzNy+RwY15lYG+qlecOrZDNogWd5Tx4iflRyaTSBWoYBBicXLQhvioxy
gCcJVoVMJ5NsLJZ9JwSpgJqbZp+gkgaylBKml35urLpjoFmSv6SmqKmqu61NhaLAtZa4YHWaMptL
oSgHo7SlISjEKMbT1HQysxMtPYoEj4w1Qym9SZPliQO4bquBqmDtKqB62Ync8tVZ5eyNHhuFbGCT
d6ugPWj0VBEjdgPhmSD0/p3qNgxVDx8n/yJydMKvGkiNl7pJnGjvB64f9LhkgZmRQp+VblhOPPeM
5kckTECetJnSmU6WNGF+jBmUHkgQt1jW05nU5Q9+P58SHXa0a1WhQA40XZqhwDN0XmW4RBbKqY+y
Z1VKRfHVbQoqP1dUKGA2YM6dPevm5eKyEl+eOP/m+zqYyzkMh09KnNrSp7V2IfVaOPwzX1c3SUn6
24MBAeeIMrouRT1kTbYLfPty87tzrZvWeAMUgRzbL9faICliJrIbduy+gI+6FJ6E+IbSx5HLlYo6
1WgcOThEl81x7t/rul1o3+67YJO72MXzJp+ah4L38HnwtcXB9Pbe5/NHpz/+/vH8AfhXADJ/6wlo
oIAEGnfggttlRwKDEM4XRYQGFjchhcdZ6IUEGGq44V4HevihgvuNqEOGJnIQAQA7
------=_NextPart_01C5BE12.B4A86230
Content-Location: file:///C:/A678DAE2/690f054b_files/slide0011_image023.gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Type: image/gif
R0lGODlhVQEUAHcAMSH+GlNvZnR3YXJlOiBNaWNyb3NvZnQgT2ZmaWNlACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAABS
ARIAgQAAAAAAAAD/AGGP/QL/hI+py+0Po5y02otPGLz7D4biSJZjkKXqyrbuC8fKZtb2jXuozPf+
DwymaLmi0bgTKpfMppNCPEqnp6f1is3KooFut+P1gsNEcpk8Fqe/a672DY/LZzqBvWy/g/MCfN6v
xxHwVxcoSAg2pxiRtOhY0ciFODA4WWl42bdnOUnZeenG1PWI4UV6CmEKIInJB6h5yCkLG0vraUjZ
FGZg1uv7CxwsPKyaRXyMnKyMtkmb+Qrd7PxJjbt8DYzKuKvdrWHKOj0r3jobfq6jy+3dUMzePcpb
SE4fXUuO3hy65P6+0OjPX75b5QrW0zdvYC5RARs6fDDwmTR7BPElvJjoocaNO0+4hNHxsQ1INoJC
llRzkiQlkws5unzpIwqVmTMBwryJcwjNnTVz+vxpQSbPoTdsAj2K9Bu2pUx/ZSkAADs=
------=_NextPart_01C5BE12.B4A86230
Content-Location: file:///C:/A678DAE2/690f054b_files/slide0011_image024.png
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Type: image/png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------=_NextPart_01C5BE12.B4A86230
Content-Location: file:///C:/A678DAE2/690f054b_files/slide0011_image025.gif
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Type: image/gif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------=_NextPart_01C5BE12.B4A86230
Content-Location: file:///C:/A678DAE2/690f054b_files/slide0037.htm
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.09%'>•Begins
replay after only a portion received
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-3.99%'>•Buffer
provides time to recover lost packets
Internet
Buffer
Hands On: RealPlayer
&#=
8226;View
streaming real video
&=
#8211;http://www.c-span.org
&#=
8226;Select
“Tools/Playback statistics”
&#=
8226;Pay
attention to bandwidth and lost packets
Narrated PowerPoint
&#=
8226;Create
your slides
&#=
8226;Slide
Show -> Record Narration
&=
#8211;Set
microphone level
&#=
8226;Record
the narration
&=
#8211;Slide
transitions are automatically captured
=
226;Narration
plays automatically when displayed
![](3D"slide0105_image026.gif")
Adding Video to PowerPoint=
&=
#8226;Insert->Movies
and Sounds
=
–Movies
from file (a .mpg file)
&=
#8226;Decide
whether you want autostart
=
–If
not, it starts when you click on it
![](3D"slide0106_image028.jpg")
Illustrating RealAudio
------=_NextPart_01C5BE12.B4A86230
Content-Location: file:///C:/A678DAE2/690f054b_files/slide0108.htm
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
&#=
8226;Create
a .ram file
&=
#8211;URL
for the RealAudio
&=
#8211;Dimensions
of the picture
&=
#8211;URL
for the picture
http://www.umiacs.umd.edu/~oard/teaching/690/fall05/notes/4=
/media.html
Synchronizing Multiple Media
&#=
8226;Scripting
Languages
&=
#8211;Synchronized
Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL)
&#=
8226;Custom
applications
&#=
8211;Macromedia
Flash
&#=
8226;Content
representation standards
&#=
8211;MPEG
4
SMILe
&#=
8226;W3C
standard
&=
#8211;Player-specific
extensions are common
&#=
8226;XML,
with a structure similar to HTML
<smil>
<head>
… </head>
<body>
… </body>
</smil>
Elements in SMIL
•Window controls (in
<head>)
–Controlling layout:=
<region>, <root-layout>
•Timeline controls (=
in
<body>)
–Sequence control: <=
/span><seq>, <excl>, <par>
–Timing control: <begin>, <end>, <dur>
<=
/span>
•Content types (in
<body>)
–<audio>, <video>, <img>,
<ref>&#=
13;
SMIL Examples
&#=
8226;Implemented
in RealOne Player
&#=
8226;Example:
http://www.umiacs.umd.edu/~oard/teaching/690/fall05/notes/4=
/media.html
&=
#8211;First,
run the executable
&=
#8211;Then,
view .smil file
Before You Go!
•On a sheet of p=
aper
(no names), answer the following question:
What was the muddiest point =
in
today’s class?
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
http://www.yorku.ca/eye/thejoy.ht=
m,
radiating lines, brightness & color, kanizsa illusion
http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Modules/MC10220/visper01.html
(two images at the bottom)
visper03
Run Length Encoding (RLE)
Pixels are organized into lines
Most pixels are the same as the one before
<=
/div>
That can be coded in 1 bit (1/24 the space)
=
Smaller files take less time to transmit
Graphic Interchange
Format (GIF)
(.GIF file extensi=
on)
There have been raging debates about the pronunciation. The designers of G=
IF
say it is correctly pronounced to sound like Jiff. But that seems
counter-intuitive, and up in my hills, we say it sounding like Gift (witho=
ut
the t).
GIF was developed =
by
CompuServe to show images online (in 1987 for 8 bit video boards, before J=
PG
and 24 bit color was in use). GIF uses indexed color, which is limited to a
palette of only 256 colors (next page). GIF was a great match for the old 8
bit 256 color video boards, but is inappropriate for today's 24 bit photo
images.
GIF files do NOT s=
tore
the image's scaled resolution ppi number, so scaling is necessary every ti=
me
one is printed. This is of no importance for screen or web images. GIF file
format was designed for CompuServe screens, and screens don't use ppi for =
any purpose.
Our printers didn't print images in 1987, so it was useless information, a=
nd
CompuServe simply didn't bother to store the printing resolution in GIF fi=
les.
GIF is still an
excellent format for graphics, and this is its purpose today, especially on
the web. Graphic images (like logos or dialog boxes) use few colors. Being
limited to 256 colors is not important for a 3 color logo. A 16 color GIF =
is a
very small file, much smaller, and more clear than any JPG, and ideal for
graphics on the web.
Graphics generally=
use
solid colors instead of graduated shades, which limits their color count
drastically, which is ideal for GIF's indexed color. GIF uses lossless LZW
compression for relatively small file size, as compared to uncompressed da=
ta.
GIF files offer optimum compression (smallest files) for solid color graph=
ics,
because objects of one exact color compress very efficiently in LZW. The L=
ZW
compression is lossless, but of course the conversion to only 256 colors m=
ay
be a great loss. JPG is much better for 24 bit photographic images on the =
web.
For those continuous tone images, the JPG file is also very much smaller
(although lossy). But for graphics, GIF files will be smaller, and better
quality, and (assuming no dithering) pure and clear without JPG artifacts.
If GIF is used for
continuous tone photo images, the limited color can be poor, and the 256 c=
olor
file is quite large as compared to JPG compression, even though it is 8 bit
data instead of 24 bits. Photos might typically contain 100,000 different
color values, so the image quality of photos is normally rather poor when
limited to 256 colors. 24 bit JPG is a much better choice today. The GIF
format may not even be offered as a save choice until you have reduced the
image to 256 colors or less.
So for graphic art=
or
screen captures or line art, GIF is the format of choice for graphic image=
s on
the web. Images like a company logo or screen shots of a dialog box should=
be
reduced to 16 colors if possible and saved as a GIF for smallest size on t=
he
web. A complex graphics image that may look bad at 16 colors might look ve=
ry
good at say 48 colors (or it may require 256 colors if photo-like). But of=
ten
16 colors is fine for graphics, with the significance that the fewer numbe=
r of
colors, the smaller the file, which is extremely important for web pages.
GIF optionally off=
ers transparent backgrounds<=
/b> , where one palette color is declared transparent, so th=
at
the background can show through it. The GIF File - Save As dialog box usua=
lly
has an Option Button to specify which one GIF palette index color is to be
transparent.
Interlacing is an
option that quickly shows the entire image in low quality, and the quality
sharpens as the file download completes. Good for web images, but it makes=
the
file slightly larger.
GIF files use a
palette of indexed colors, and if you thought 24 bit RGB color was kinda
complicated, then you ain't seen nuthin' yet (next page).
=
For GIF files, a 24
bit RGB image requires conversion to indexed color. More specifically, this
means conversion to 256 colors, or less. Indexed Color can only have 256
colors maximum. There are however selections of different ways to convert =
to
256 colors.
Jpeg
vs gif
http://www.faqs.org/faqs/jpeg-faq/part1/
http://www.ece.purdue.edu/~ace/jp=
eg-tut/jpgimag1.html
Good
examples about jpeg and gif
http://www.wpdfd.com/wpdgraph.htm
http://www.data-compression.com/s=
peech.html
Understanding streaming media
Streaming media is a technology=
for
delivering audio, video, or multimedia files across a netwo=
rk
without waiting for the entire file to download. When you click an
Internet link to open a streaming media file, the file is partial=
ly
downloaded and stored in a buffer; this is called buffering. The file t=
hen
begins to play. As more information in the file is streamed to Wind=
ows
Media Player, it continues to buffer information before playi=
ng
it. Windows Media Player does this so that if traffic on the Inter=
net
interrupts the flow of information, there will be no breaks or
interference with the file as it plays. You will notice a break in =
play
when the data in the buffer runs out.
Windows Media Player alerts you
when information is buffering. All streaming Windows Media files
buffer before they begin playing. Unlike a downloaded file, data =
is
not saved to the hard disk drive when streaming files are done
playing.
Windows Media Player also suppo=
rts
intelligent streaming; it monitors network conditions and
automatically makes adjustments to ensure the best reception and
playback.
When you play streamed media or=
CD
tracks, you can view statistics and information about the quali=
ty
of the connection and the performance of the playback. The information in the <=
/span>Statistics <=
/span>di=
alog
box can help you determine whether you are receiving a qu=
ality
data transmission.
To view statistics about content
1.On the =
View menu, click <=
/span>Statistics<=
/b>.
=
=
=
=
2.If you want mo=
re
specific information, click the Advanced tab.
To view details about a file
•<=
/span>On the =
File menu, click <=
/span>Properties<=
/b>. –or-
=
•<=
/span>In Media Libra=
ry, right-click =
the
file in the right pane, and then click Properties.
=
' + ENDSHOW_MESG + '
![](3D"buttons.gif")
![](3D"slide0020_image003.jpg"){kind=link}
![](3D"slide0025_image005.png"){kind=link}
![](3D"slide0027_image010.jpg"){kind=link}
![](3D"slide0027_image012.jpg"){kind=link}
![](3D"slide0117_image014.png"){kind=link}
![](3D"slide0118_image016.png"){kind=link}
![](3D"slide0119_image018.png"){kind=link}
![](3D"slide0011_image024.png"){kind=link}
![](3D"slide0106_image027.png"){kind=link}
![](3D"notes_flag.gif"){kind=link}