Structured Documents
Week 3
LBSC 690
Information Technology
![](3D"slide0001_image001.jpg")
Outline
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TCP/IP layer architecture<=
/div>
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Link
Link
Link
Link
Link
Link
Network
Network
Network
Network
Transport
Transport
Application
Application
Virtual link for packets
Virtual link for end to end packets
Virtual network service
Link for bits
Link for bits
Link for bits
The TCP/IP “Protocol
Stack”=
;
•Link layer moves
bits
–Ethernet, cable
modem, DSL
•Network layer m=
oves
packets
–IP
<=
/u>
•Transport layer
provides services to applications
–UDP, TCP
•Application lay=
er
uses those services
–DNS, SFTP, SSH,=
…
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
&#=
8226;The
Internet’s basic transport service
&=
#8211;Sends
every packet immediately
&=
#8211;Passes
received packets to the application
&#=
8226;No
delivery guarantee
&=
#8211;Collisions
can result in packet loss
&#=
8226;Example:
sending clicks on web browser
Transmission Control Protocol (TC=
P)
&#=
8226;Built
on the network-layer version of UDP
&#=
8226;Guarantees
delivery all data
&=
#8211;Retransmits
missing data
&#=
8226;Guarantees
data will be delivered in order
&=
#8211;“Buffers”
subsequent packets if necessary
&#=
8226;No
guarantee of delivery time
&=
#8211;Long
delays may occur without warning
File Transfer Program (FTP)
•<=
/span>Used to move files between machines
–<=
/span>Upload (put) moves from client to server
=
–<=
/span>Download (get) moves files from server to client
–&=
#13;
•<=
/span>Available using command line and GUI interfaces
=
–&=
#13;
•<=
/span>Normally requires an account on the server
–<=
/span>Userid “anonymous” provides public access
<=
/span>
–<=
/span>Web browsers incorporate anonymous FTP
•&=
#13;
•<=
/span>Automatically converts end-of-line conventions
<=
/span>
–<=
/span>Unless you select “binary”
Hands On: FTP
•<=
/span>Start a cmd window
•<=
/span>Type “ftp ftp.umiacs.umd.edu<=
/span>”
•<=
/span>Login in anonymously with
–<=
/span>User: anonymous
–<=
/span>Password: your email address
•<=
/span>Go download a file
–<=
/span>Type “cd pub/gina/lbsc690=
/”
–<=
/span>Type “binary”
–<=
/span>Type “get hwOne.ppt”
•<=
/span>Exit
–<=
/span>Type “quit”
•<=
/span>Try it again with a graphical FTP program
–<=
/span>WS_FTP, for example
Encryption
&#=
8226;Secret-key
systems (e.g., DES)
&=
#8211;Use
the same key to encrypt and decrypt
&#=
8226;Public-key
systems (e.g., PGP)
&=
#8211;Public
key: open, for encryption
&=
#8211;Private
key: secret, for decryption
&#=
8226;Digital
signatures
&=
#8211;Encrypt
with private key, decrypt with public key
Encrypted Standards
•Secure Shell
(SSH)
–Replaces
Telnet
•Secure FTP
(SFTP)/Secure Copy (SCP)
–Replaces FTP=
3;
•Secure HTTP
(HTTPS)
–Used for financ=
ial
and other private data
•Wired Equivalent
Protocol (WEP)
–Used on wireless
networks
Network Abuse
&#=
8226;Flooding
&=
#8211;Excessive
activity, intended to prevent valid activity
&#=
8226;Worms
&=
#8211;Like
a virus, but self-propagating
&#=
8226;Sniffing
&=
#8211;Monitoring
network traffic (e.g., for passwords)
Encryption Issues
&#=
8226;Key
length
&=
#8211;128
bits balances speed and protection today
&#=
8226;Trust
infrastructure
&=
#8211;How
do you prevent “bait and switch”?
&=
#8211;Who
certifies a digital signature is valid?
![](3D"slide0074_image017.gif")
The World-Wide Web
Send Request
![](3D"slide0074_image018.gif")
Page Requested
![](3D"slide0074_image019.gif")
Fetch Page
![](3D"slide0074_image020.gif")
Proxy Server
Local copy of
Page requested
![](3D"slide0074_image021.gif")
Remote =
Sever
![](3D"slide0074_image022.gif")
My Browser
![](3D"slide0074_image024.gif")
![](3D"slide0074_image025.gif")
Internet
![](3D"slide0074_image026.gif")
![](3D"slide0074_image027.gif")
Web Standards
&#=
8226;HTML
&=
#8211;How
to write and interpret the information
&#=
8226;URL
&=
#8211;Where
to find it
&#=
8226;HTTP
&=
#8211;How
to get it
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP=
)
•<=
/span>Send request
–GET /path/file.html
HTTP/1.0
–From:
someuser@jmarshall.com
–User-Agent:
HTTPTool/1.0
•&=
#13;
•<=
/span>Server response
–HTTP/1.0 200 OK &#=
13;
–Date: Fri, 31 Dec =
1999
23:59:59 GMT
–Content-Type:
text/html
–Content-Length: 13=
54
–<html><bo=
dy>
<h1>Happy New Millennium!</h1> … </body> </html=
>
![](3D"slide0076_image028.gif")
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
&#=
8226;Uniquely
identify web pages on the WWW
&=
#8211;Domain
name
&=
#8211;Directory
path
&=
#8211;File
name
URL: http://www.clis.umd.edu/courses/schedules/fall2003.html
![](3D"slide0076_image029.gif")
Domain name=
![](3D"slide0076_image030.gif")
![](3D"slide0076_image031.gif")
![](3D"slide0076_image032.gif")
=
Directory
path
![](3D"slide0076_image033.gif")
File name
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HyperText Markup Language (HTML)<=
/span>
•Simple document
structure language for Web
•<=
/span>
•Advantages
=
–Adapts easily to
different display capabilities
–Widely available
display software (browsers)
•&=
#13;
•Disadvantages&#=
13;
–Does not direct=
ly
control layout
Hands On:
Learning HTML From Examples
Learning HTML From Examples
•Use Internet Explor=
er
to find a page you like
–http://www.glue.umd=
.edu/~oard
•On the “View” menu select “Source”&=
#13;
–Opens a notepad win=
dow
with the source
•Compare HTML source
with the Web page
– Observe how each effect is achieve=
d
Hands On: “Adopt” a W=
eb
Page
•<=
/span>Modify the HTML source using notepad
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
–For example, ch=
ange
the page to yours
•<=
/span>Save the HTML source on your “M:” drive
–In the <=
span
style=3D'mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“File”
menu, select Save
As”
–Select <=
span
style=3D'mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>“All
Files”=
;
and name it “test.html”
•<=
/span>FTP it to your ~/pub directory on WAM
–sftp
wam.umd.edu
–cd ../pub/
=
–put test.html&#=
13;
•<=
/span>View it
–http://www.wam.=
umd.edu/~(yourlogin)/test.html
HTML Document Structure
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
&#=
8226;“Tags” mark
structure
&=
#8211;<html>a
document</html>
&=
#8211;<ol>an
ordered list</ol>
&=
#8211;<i>something
in italics</i>
&#=
8226;Tag
name in angle brackets <>
&=
#8211;Not
case sensitive
&#=
8226;Open/Close
pairs
&=
#8211;Close
tag may be optional (if unambiguous)
Logical Structure Tags
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Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
•<=
/span>Head
–<=
/span>Title
–&=
#13;
•<=
/span>Body
–<=
/span>Headers: <h1> <h2> <h3> <h4> <h5=
>
–<=
/span>Lists: <ol>, <ul> (can be nested)
–<=
/span>Paragraphs:<p>
–<=
/span>Definitions: <dt><dd>
–<=
/span>Tables: <table> <tr> <td> </td>
</tr> </table>
–<=
/span>Role: <cite>, <address>, <strong>, …
Rendering
&#=
8226;Different
devices have different capabilities
&=
#8211;Desktop
&=
#8211;PDA
&#=
8226;Rendering
maps logical tags to physical layout
&=
#8211;Controls
line wrap, size, font…
&=
#8226;Place
the title in the page border
&=
#8226;Render
<h1> as 24pt Times
&=
#8226;Render
<strong> as bold
=
226;Somewhat
browser-dependent
&=
#8211;Internet
Explorer and Netscape make different choices
Physical Structure Tags
Document Management
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Document Management
Document Management
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Document Management
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Document Management
Document Management
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Document Management
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Document Management
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Document Management
Document Management
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Document Management
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Document Management
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Document Management
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Document Management
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Document Management
![](3D"slide0026_image035.gif")
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Document Management
![](3D"slide0028_image036.gif")
Document Management
Document Management
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Document Management
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Document Management
![](3D"slide0089_image038.gif")
![](3D"slide0089_image039.gif")
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![](3D"slide0089_image041.gif")
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------=_NextPart_01C5B97A.E5722960
Content-Location: file:///C:/F533C6D3/690f053_files/script.js
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: application/javascript; charset="us-ascii"
function LoadSld()
{
var sld=3DGetObj("SlideObj")
if( !g_supportsPPTHTML ) { =09
sld.style.visibility=3D"visible"
return
}
if( MakeNotesVis() ) return
runAnimations =3D _InitAnimations();
=09
if( IsWin("PPTSld") )
parent.SldUpdated(GetSldId())
g_origSz=3DparseInt(SlideObj.style.fontSize)
g_origH=3Dsld.style.posHeight
g_origW=3Dsld.style.posWidth
g_scaleHyperlinks=3D(document.all.tags("AREA").length>0)
if( g_scaleHyperlinks )
InitHLinkArray()
if( g_scaleInFrame||(IsWin("PPTSld") && parent.IsFullScrMode() ) )
document.body.scroll=3D"no"
_RSW()
if( IsWin("PPTSld") && parent.IsFullScrMode() )
FullScrInit();
=09
MakeSldVis();
ChkAutoAdv()
if( runAnimations )
{
if( document.all("NSPlay") )
document.all("NSPlay").autoStart =3D false;
if( sld.filters && sld.filters.revealtrans )
setTimeout( "document.body.start()", sld.filters.revealtrans.duration * =
1000 );
else
document.body.start();
}
}
function MakeSldVis()=20
{
var fTrans=3Dg_showAnimation && SldHasTrans()
if( fTrans )=09
{
if( g_bgSound ) {
idx=3Dg_bgSound.indexOf(",");
pptSound.src=3Dg_bgSound.substr( 0, idx );
pptSound.loop=3D -(parseInt(g_bgSound.substr(idx+1)));
}
SlideObj.filters.revealtrans.Apply()=09
}
SlideObj.style.visibility=3D"visible"
if( fTrans )
SlideObj.filters.revealtrans.Play()
}
function MakeNotesVis()=20
{
if( !IsNts() ) return false=20
SlideObj.style.display=3D"none"
nObj =3D document.all.item("NotesObj")
parent.SetHasNts(0)
if( nObj ) {=20
nObj.style.display=3D""
parent.SetHasNts(1)
}
return 1
}
function ChkAutoAdv()
{
if(SldHasTrans())
SlideObj.onfilterchange=3DAutoAdv
else
AutoAdv()
}
function AutoAdv()
{
if(!IsWin("PPTSld") || !gUseSldTimings )return
var sld=3DGetCurSld()
if( (sld.mAdvDelay>0) && !parent.IsFramesMode() )
setTimeout("parent.GoToNextSld()",sld.mAdvDelay)
}
function GetObj(id)
{
if(g_supportsPPTHTML) return document.all(id);
else return document.getElementById(id);
}
function SldHasTrans() { return SlideObj.style.filter !=3D ""; }
function GetSldId() { return sId=3Dlocation.href.substring(location.href.la=
stIndexOf('/')+1) }
function HideMenu() { if( frames["PPTSld"] && PPTSld.document.all.item("ctx=
tmenu") && PPTSld.ctxtmenu.style.display!=3D"none" ) { PPTSld.ctxtmenu.styl=
e.display=3D'none'; return true } return false }
function IsWin( name ) { return window.name =3D=3D name }
function IsNts() { return IsWin("PPTNts") }
function IsSldOrNts() { return( IsWin("PPTSld")||IsWin("PPTNts") ) }
function SupportsPPTAnimation() { return( navigator.platform =3D=3D "Win32"=
&& navigator.appVersion.indexOf("Windows")>0 ) }
function SupportsPPTHTML()
{
var appVer=3Dnavigator.appVersion, msie=3DappVer.indexOf("MSIE "), ver=3D0
if( msie >=3D 0 )
ver=3DparseFloat( appVer.substring( msie+5, appVer.indexOf(";",msie) ) )
else
ver=3DparseInt(appVer)
return( ver >=3D 4 && msie >=3D 0 )
}
function _RSW()
{
if( !g_supportsPPTHTML || IsNts() ||
( !g_scaleInFrame && (!IsWin("PPTSld") || !parent.IsFullScrMode()) ) )
return
var padding=3D0;
if( IsWin("PPTSld") && parent.IsFramesMode() ) padding=3D6
cltWidth=3Ddocument.body.clientWidth-padding
cltHeight=3Ddocument.body.clientHeight-padding
factor=3D(1.0*cltWidth)/g_origW
if( cltHeight < g_origH*factor )
factor=3D(1.0*cltHeight)/g_origH
newSize =3D g_origSz * factor
if( newSize < 1 ) newSize=3D1
s=3DSlideObj.style
s.fontSize=3DnewSize+"px"
s.posWidth=3Dg_origW*factor
s.posHeight=3Dg_origH*factor
s.posLeft=3D(cltWidth-s.posWidth+padding)/2
s.posTop=3D(cltHeight-s.posHeight+padding)/2
if( g_scaleHyperlinks )
ScaleHyperlinks( factor )
}
function _InitAnimations()
{
animRuntimeInstalled =3D ''+document.body.localTime !=3D 'undefined';
isFullScreen =3D (window.name =3D=3D "PPTSld") && !parent.IsFramesMode();
g_animUseRuntime =3D g_showAnimation && animRuntimeInstalled && !(isFullSc=
reen && parent.IsSldVisited());
if( g_animUseRuntime ) {
collSeq =3D document.all.tags("seq");
if( collSeq !=3D null ) {
for(ii=3D0;ii numSlds )
gSldJumpIdx =3D numSlds;
if ( gSldJumpIdx >=3D 0 ) {
if ( gSldJumpIdx =3D=3D 0 )
gSldJumpIdx =3D 1;
var jumpTo =3D parseInt(gSldJumpIdx);
gSldJump =3D 0; gSldJumpIdx =3D "";
win.GoToSld( parent.GetSldList().mList[jumpTo-1].mSldHref )
}
}
}
function _KDH()
{
if( event.keyCode =3D=3D 8 ) {
event.returnValue =3D 0;
parent.GoToPrevSld();
}
}
function DocumentOnClick()
{
if( IsNts() || parent.HideMenu() ) return;
if( ( g_allowAdvOnClick && !parent.IsFramesMode() ) ||
(event && (event.keyCode=3D=3D32) ) )
parent.GoToNextSld();
}
var g_supportsPPTHTML =3D SupportsPPTHTML(), g_scaleInFrame =3D 1, gId=3D""=
, g_bgSound=3D"",
g_scaleHyperlinks =3D false, g_allowAdvOnClick =3D 1, g_showInBrowser =
=3D 0, gLoopCont =3D 0, gUseSldTimings =3D 0;
var g_showAnimation =3D g_supportsPPTHTML && SupportsPPTAnimation() && ( (w=
indow.name=3D=3D"PPTSld" && !parent.IsFramesMode()) || g_showInBrowser );va=
r g_animManager =3D null;
var g_animUseRuntime =3D false;
var g_animItemsToHide, g_animInteractiveItems, g_animSlideTime;
var g_animMainSequence =3D null;
var ENDSHOW_MESG=3D"End of slide show, click to exit.", SCREEN_MODE=3D"Fram=
es", gIsEndShow=3D0, NUM_VIS_SLDS=3D48, SCRIPT_HREF=3D"script.js", FULLSCR_=
HREF=3D"fullscreen.htm";
var gCurSld =3D gPrevSld =3D 1, g_offset =3D 0, gNtsOpen =3D gHasNts =3D gO=
tlTxtExp =3D 0, gHasNarration =3D 0, gOtlOpen =3D true
window.gPPTHTML=3DSupportsPPTHTML()
var gMainDoc=3Dnew Array(new hrefList("slide0001.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList(=
"slide0096.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0087.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("=
slide0098.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0099.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("s=
lide0100.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0102.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("sl=
ide0103.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0105.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("sli=
de0106.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0107.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slid=
e0097.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0074.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide=
0075.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0104.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0=
076.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0055.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide00=
60.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0067.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide005=
6.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0057.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0058=
.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0068.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0059.=
htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0062.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0073.h=
tm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0063.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0012.ht=
m",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0013.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0071.htm=
",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0014.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0070.htm"=
,1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0047.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0021.htm",=
1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0069.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0088.htm",1=
,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0023.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0024.htm",1,=
-1,1),new hrefList("slide0025.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0026.htm",1,-=
1,1),new hrefList("slide0028.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0053.htm",1,-1=
,1),new hrefList("slide0077.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0090.htm",1,-1,=
1),new hrefList("slide0049.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0089.htm",1,-1,1=
),new hrefList("slide0078.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0079.htm",1,-1,1)=
);
/*********************************************
Frameset functions
These functions control slide navigation
and state of the frameset.
**********************************************/
function FullScrInit()
{
g_allowAdvOnClick =3D GetCurSld().mAdvOnClk
document.body.style.backgroundColor=3D"black"
document.oncontextmenu=3Dparent._CM;
document.onkeydown =3D _KDH;
document.ondragstart=3DCancel
document.onselectstart=3DCancel
self.focus()
}
function Redirect( frmId )
{=09
var str=3Ddocument.location.hash,idx=3Dstr.indexOf('#'), sId=3DGetSldId()
if(idx>=3D0) str=3Dstr.substr(1);
if( window.name !=3D frmId && ( sId !=3D str) ) {
obj =3D GetObj("Main-File")
window.location.href=3Dobj.href+"#"+sId
return 1
}
return 0
}
var MHTMLPrefix =3D CalculateMHTMLPrefix();=20
function CalculateMHTMLPrefix()
{
if ( document.location.protocol =3D=3D 'mhtml:') {=20
href=3Dnew String(document.location.href)=20
Start=3Dhref.indexOf('!')+1=20
End=3Dhref.lastIndexOf('/')+1=20
if (End < Start)=20
return href.substring(0, Start)=20
else=20
return href.substring(0, End)=20
}
return '';
}
function GetTags(base,tag)
{
if(g_supportsPPTHTML) return base.all.tags(tag);
else return base.getElementsByTagName(tag);
}
function UpdNtsPane(){ if(frames["PPTNts"]) PPTNts.location.replace( MHTMLP=
refix+GetHrefObj( gCurSld ).mNtsHref ) }
function UpdNavPane( sldIndex ){ if(gNavLoaded) PPTNav.UpdNav() }
function UpdOtNavPane(){ if(gOtlNavLoaded) PPTOtlNav.UpdOtlNav() }
function UpdOtlPane(){ if(gOtlLoaded) PPTOtl.UpdOtl() }
function SetHasNts( fVal )
{
if( gHasNts !=3D fVal ) {
gHasNts=3DfVal
UpdNavPane()
}
}
function ToggleOtlText()
{
gOtlTxtExp=3D!gOtlTxtExp
UpdOtlPane()
}
function ClearMedia()
{
// Clear any sounds playing before launching another browser window. Other=
wise,
// in fullscreen mode, you'll continue to hear the sound in the frames mod=
e.
if (PPTSld.pptSound) PPTSld.pptSound.loop =3D 0;
}
function FullScreen()
{=20
if ( PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime )
PPTSld.document.body.pause();
ClearMedia();
var href =3D ( document.location.protocol =3D=3D 'mhtml:') ? FULLSCR_HREF =
: FULLSCR_HREF+"#"+GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mSldHref;
if(PPTNav.event.ctrlKey) {
var w =3D (window.screen.availWidth * 1.0) / 2.0
var h =3D w * (PPTSld.g_origH * 1.0) / PPTSld.g_origW
win =3D window.open( MHTMLPrefix+href,null,"toolbar=3D0,resizable=3D1,top=
=3D0,left=3D0," + "width=3D"+ w + ",height=3D" + h );
if( win.document.body && PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime )
win.document.body.PPTSldFrameset=3Dwindow;
}
else
{
win =3D window.open( MHTMLPrefix+href,null,"fullscreen=3Dyes" );
if( win.document.body && PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime )
win.document.body.PPTSldFrameset=3Dwindow;
}
}
function ToggleVNarration()
{
rObj=3DPPTSld.document.all("NSPlay")
if( rObj && !PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) {
if( (rObj.playState =3D=3D 1)||(rObj.playState =3D=3D 0) )
rObj.Play()
else if( rObj.playState =3D=3D 2 )
rObj.Pause()
else
return;
}
else if( PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime )
{
narObj =3D PPTSld.document.all("narrationID")
if( narObj )
narObj.togglePause()
}
}
function GetCurSldNum()
{ =20
obj=3DGetHrefObj(gCurSld)
if( obj.mOrigVis =3D=3D 1 )
return obj.mSldIdx
else =20
return gCurSld
}
function GetNumSlds()
{ =20
if( GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mOrigVis =3D=3D 1 )
return GetSldList().mNumVisSlds;
else
return GetSldList().mList.length
}
function GetSldNum( href )
{
for(ii=3D0; ii 1 )
PopSldList();
else if( !IsFramesMode() ) {
if( gLoopCont )
GoToFirst()
else
EndShow()
}
}
function GoToPrevSld()
{
ii=3DgCurSld-1
if( ii > 0 ) {
obj=3DGetHrefObj(ii)
while ( obj && ( obj.mVis =3D=3D 0 ) && ( ii>0 ) )
obj=3DGetHrefObj(--ii)
if( ii =3D=3D 0 ) ii=3D1
GoToSldNum(ii)
}
}
function GoToFirst(){ GoToSld( GetHrefObj(1).mSldHref ) }
function GoToLast()
{
ii=3DGetSldList().mList.length
if( ii !=3D gCurSld )
GoToSld( GetHrefObj(ii).mSldHref )
}
function GoToSldNum( num )
{
if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue
obj =3D GetHrefObj( num )
obj.mVis=3D1
gPrevSld=3DgCurSld
gCurSld =3D num;
PPTSld.location.replace(MHTMLPrefix+obj.mSldHref)
if( IsFramesMode() ) {
UpdNavPane(); UpdOtlPane(); UpdNtsPane()
}
}
function GoToSld( href )
{
if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue
GetHrefObj( GetSldNum(href) ).mVis=3D1
PPTSld.location.replace(MHTMLPrefix+href)
}
function SldUpdated( id )
{
if( id =3D=3D GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mSldHref ) return
gPrevSld=3DgCurSld
gCurSld=3DGetSldNum(id)
if( IsFramesMode() ) {
UpdNavPane(); UpdOtlPane(); UpdNtsPane()
}
}
function PrevSldViewed(){ GoToSld( GetHrefObj(gPrevSld).mSldHref ) }
function HasPrevSld() { return ( gIsEndShow || ( gCurSld !=3D 1 && GetHrefO=
bj( gCurSld-1 ).mVis =3D=3D 1 )||( GetCurSldNum() > 1 ) ) }
function HasNextSld() { return (GetCurSldNum() !=3D GetNumSlds()) }
function CloseWindow() {
if( HideMenu() ) return;
=09
var event =3D PPTSld.event;
if( !IsFramesMode() && event && (event.keyCode=3D=3D27 || event.keyCode=3D=
=3D32 || event.type=3D=3D"click" ) )
window.close( self );
CatchNumKeys( self, event );
}
function Unload() { gIsEndShow=3D0; }
function SetupEndShow() {
gIsEndShow=3D1;
PPTSld.document.body.scroll=3D"no";
PPTSld.document.onkeypress=3DCloseWindow;
PPTSld.document.onclick=3DCloseWindow;
PPTSld.document.oncontextmenu=3D_CM;
}
function EndShow()
{
if( IsFramesMode() ) return
if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue
doc=3DPPTSld.document
var dir =3D doc.body.dir
if( dir !=3D "rtl" ) dir =3D "ltr";
doc.open()
doc.writeln(' 0) {
PushSldList(sldList,fEnd);
gCurSld =3D 1;
}
else
if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue
}
function PushSldList(arr,fEnd) {
var ii =3D gSldStack.length;
gSldStack[ii] =3D new SldList(arr,gCurSld,fEnd);
GoToSld( gSldStack[ii].mList[0].mSldHref );
}
function PopSldList() {
if (gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1].fEndShow)
EndShow()
else {
gCurSld =3D gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1].mCurSld;
gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1] =3D null;
gSldStack.length--;
var sldList =3D gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1];
GoToSld( sldList.mList[gCurSld - 1].mSldHref );
}
}
var custShowList=3Dnew Array();
/*********************************************
Navigation button implementation
There are 2 types of buttons: ImgBtn, TxtBtn
implemented as function objects. They share
a similiar interface so the event handlers
can call SetActive, for example, on a button=20
object without needing to know exactly=20
what type of button it is.
**********************************************/
//----------------------------------
function ImgBtn( oId,bId,w,action )
//----------------------------------
{
var t=3Dthis
t.Perform =3D _IBP
t.SetActive =3D _IBSetA
t.SetInactive=3D _IBSetI
t.SetPressed =3D _IBSetP
t.SetDisabled=3D _IBSetD
t.Enabled =3D _IBSetE
t.ChangeIcon =3D null
t.UserAction =3D action
t.ChgState =3D _IBUI
t.mObjId =3D oId
t.mBorderId=3D bId
t.mWidth =3D w
t.mIsOn =3D t.mCurState =3D 0
}
function _IBSetA()
{
if( this.mIsOn ) {
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,2 )
obj.style.posTop=3D0
}
}
function _IBSetI()
{
if( this.mIsOn ) {
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,1 )
obj.style.posTop=3D0=20
}
}
function _IBSetP()
{
if( this.mIsOn ) {
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,2 )
obj.style.posLeft+=3D1; obj.style.posTop+=3D1
}
}
function _IBSetD()
{ =20
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0 )
obj.style.posTop=3D0=20
}
function _IBSetE( state )
{
var t=3Dthis
GetObj( t.mBorderId ).style.visibility=3D"visible"
if( state !=3D t.mIsOn ) {
t.mIsOn=3Dstate
if( state )
t.SetInactive()
else
t.SetDisabled()
}
}
function _IBP()
{
var t=3Dthis
if( t.mIsOn ) {
if( t.UserAction !=3D null )
t.UserAction()
if( t.ChangeIcon ) {
obj=3DGetObj(t.mObjId)
if( t.ChangeIcon() )
obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-4)*t.mWidth
else
obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-0)*t.mWidth
}
t.SetActive()
} =20
}
function _IBUI( clr1,clr2,nextState )
{
var t=3Dthis
SetBorder( GetObj( t.mBorderId ),clr1,clr2 )
obj=3DGetObj( t.mObjId )
obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-nextState)*t.mWidth-obj=
.style.posTop
t.mCurState=3DnextState
return obj
}
//-----------------------------------------
function TxtBtn( oId,oeId,action,chkState )
//-----------------------------------------
{
var t=3Dthis
t.Perform =3D _TBP
t.SetActive =3D _TBSetA
t.SetInactive=3D _TBSetI
t.SetPressed =3D _TBSetP
t.SetDisabled=3D _TBSetD
t.SetEnabled =3D _TBSetE
t.GetState =3D chkState
t.UserAction =3D action
t.ChgState =3D _TBUI
t.mObjId =3D oId
t.m_elementsId=3D oeId
t.mIsOn =3D 1
}
function _TBSetA()
{
var t=3Dthis
if( t.mIsOn && !t.GetState() )
t.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,0,0 )
}
function _TBSetI()
{
var t=3Dthis
if( t.mIsOn && !t.GetState() )
t.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 )
}
function _TBSetP()
{
if( this.mIsOn )
this.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,1,1 )
}
function _TBSetD()
{ =20
this.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 )
this.mIsOn =3D 0
}
function _TBSetE()
{
var t=3Dthis
if( !t.GetState() )
t.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 )
else
t.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,1,1 )
t.mIsOn =3D 1
}
function _TBP()
{
var t=3Dthis
if( t.mIsOn ) {=20
if( t.UserAction !=3D null )
t.UserAction()
if( !t.GetState )
return
if( t.GetState() )
t.SetPressed()
else
t.SetActive()
} =20
}
function _TBUI( clr1,clr2,lOffset,tOffset )
{
SetBorder( GetObj( this.mObjId ),clr1,clr2 )
Offset( GetObj( this.m_elementsId ),lOffset,tOffset )
}
function Offset( obj, top, left ){ obj.style.top=3Dtop; obj.style.left=3Dle=
ft }
function SetBorder( obj, upperLeft, lowerRight )
{
s=3Dobj.style;
s.borderStyle =3D "solid"
s.borderWidth =3D 1=20
s.borderLeftColor =3D s.borderTopColor =3D upperLeft
s.borderBottomColor=3D s.borderRightColor =3D lowerRight
}
function GetBtnObj(){ return gBtnArr[window.event.srcElement.id] }
function BtnOnOver(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetActive() }
function BtnOnDown(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetPressed() }
function BtnOnOut(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetInactive() }
function BtnOnUp()
{
b=3DGetBtnObj()
if( b !=3D null )
b.Perform()
else
Upd()
}
function GetNtsState(){ return parent.gNtsOpen }
function GetOtlState(){ return parent.gOtlOpen }
function GetOtlTxtState(){ return parent.gOtlTxtExp }
function NtsBtnSetFlag( fVal )
{
s=3Ddocument.all.item( this.m_flagId ).style
s.display=3D"none"
if( fVal )
s.display=3D""
else
s.display=3D"none"
}
function _BSetA_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S=
etActive() }
function _BSetI_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S=
etInactive() }
function _BSetP_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S=
etPressed() }
function _BSetA_BorderImg()
{=20
b =3D gBtnArr[this.mBorderId]=20
if( b !=3D null && this.mIsOn && !b.GetState() ) {
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,2 )
obj.style.posTop=3D0
}
}
function _BSetI_BorderImg()
{=20
b =3D gBtnArr[this.mBorderId]
if( b !=3D null && this.mIsOn && !b.GetState() ) {
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,1 )
obj.style.posTop=3D0
}
}
var gHiliteClr=3D"THREEDHIGHLIGHT",gShadowClr=3D"THREEDSHADOW",gFaceClr=3D"=
THREEDFACE"
var gBtnArr =3D new Array()
gBtnArr["nb_otl"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_otl","nb_otlElem",parent.ToggleOtlPan=
e,GetOtlState )
gBtnArr["nb_otlElem"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_otl","nb_otlElem",parent.ToggleOt=
lPane,GetOtlState )
gBtnArr["nb_nts"] =3D new ImgBtn( "nb_nts","nb_ntsBorder",10,parent.ToggleN=
tsPane )
gBtnArr["nb_nts"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_BorderImg;
gBtnArr["nb_nts"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_BorderImg;
gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_ntsBorder","nb_ntsElem",parent.=
ToggleNtsPane,GetNtsState )
gBtnArr["nb_ntsElem"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_ntsBorder","nb_ntsElem",parent.To=
ggleNtsPane,GetNtsState )
gBtnArr["nb_prevBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_prev"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_prev","n=
b_prevBorder",30,parent.GoToPrevSld )
gBtnArr["nb_nextBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_next"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_next","n=
b_nextBorder",30,parent.GoToNextSld )
gBtnArr["nb_sldshw"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwBorder",18,parent=
.FullScreen )
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwBorder",pa=
rent.FullScreen,null )
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_Border;
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_Border;
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwText",parent=
.FullScreen,null )
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_Border;
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_Border;
gBtnArr["nb_voice"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_voiceBorder"] =3D new ImgBtn( "nb_voice=
","nb_voiceBorder",18,parent.ToggleVNarration )
gBtnArr["nb_otlTxtBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_otlTxt"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_otlT=
xt","nb_otlTxtBorder",23,parent.ToggleOtlText )
gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"].m_flagId=3D "nb_nts"
gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"].SetFlag =3D NtsBtnSetFlag
gBtnArr["nb_otlTxt"].ChangeIcon=3D GetOtlTxtState
/*********************************************
Context menu implementation
_CM() is the function that's hooked up to
the oncontextmenu event. Once we're asked to
show the menu, we first build it by creating
DIVs on-the-fly. Then we position it=20
within the screen area so it doesn't get
clipped.
Creating the DIVs using createElement() means
we don't have to write out any extra HTML
into the slide HTML files.
**********************************************/
var sNext=3D"Next",sPrev=3D"Previous",sEnd=3D"End Show",sFont=3D"Arial",sAr=
row=3D"Arrow",sFreeform=3D"Freeform",sRect=3D"Rectangle",sOval=3D"Oval"
function ShowMenu()
{
BuildMenu();
var doc=3DPPTSld.document.body,x=3DPPTSld.event.clientX+doc.scrollLeft,y=
=3DPPTSld.event.clientY+doc.scrollTop
m =3D PPTSld.document.all.item("ctxtmenu")
m.style.pixelLeft=3Dx
if( (x+m.scrollWidth > doc.clientWidth)&&(x-m.scrollWidth > 0) )
m.style.pixelLeft=3Dx-m.scrollWidth
m.style.pixelTop=3Dy
if( (y+m.scrollHeight > doc.clientHeight)&&(y-m.scrollHeight > 0) )
m.style.pixelTop=3Dy-m.scrollHeight
m.style.display=3D""
}
function _CM()
{
if( !parent.IsFullScrMode() ) return;
if(!PPTSld.event.ctrlKey) {
ShowMenu()
return false
} else
HideMenu()
}
function BuildMenu()
{
if( PPTSld.document.all.item("ctxtmenu") ) return
var mObj=3DCreateItem( PPTSld.document.body )
mObj.id=3D"ctxtmenu"
mObj.style.visibility=3D"hidden"
var s=3DmObj.style
s.position=3D"absolute"
s.cursor=3D"default"
s.width=3D"120px"
SetCMBorder(mObj,"menu","black")
var iObj=3DCreateItem( mObj )
SetCMBorder( iObj, "threedhighlight","threedshadow" )
iObj.style.padding=3D2
CreateMenuItem( iObj,sNext,M_GoNextSld,M_True )
CreateMenuItem( iObj,sPrev,M_GoPrevSld,M_HasPrevSld )
=09
CreateSeparator( iObj )
CreateMenuItem( iObj,sEnd,M_End,M_True )
mObj.style.visibility=3D"visible"
}
function Cancel() { window.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue; window.event.returnVa=
lue=3Dfalse }
function Highlight() { ChangeClr("activecaption","threedhighlight") }
function Deselect() { ChangeClr("threedface","menutext") }
function Perform()
{
e=3DPPTSld.event.srcElement
if( e.type=3D=3D"menuitem" && e.IsActive() )
e.Action()
else
PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue
}
function ChangeClr( bg,clr )
{
e=3DPPTSld.event.srcElement
if( e.type=3D=3D"menuitem" && e.IsActive() ) {
e.style.backgroundColor=3Dbg
e.style.color=3Dclr
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}
function M_HasPrevSld() { return( parent.HasPrevSld() ) }
function M_GoNextSld() { if( gIsEndShow ) M_End(); else GoToNextSld() }
function M_GoPrevSld() { if( gIsEndShow ) { gIsEndShow=3D0; history.back();=
PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue; } else GoToPrevSld() }
function M_True() { return true }
function M_End() { window.close( self ) }
function CreateMenuItem( node,text,action,eval )
{
var e=3DCreateItem( node )
e.type=3D"menuitem"
e.Action=3Daction
e.IsActive=3Deval
e.innerHTML=3Dtext
if( !e.IsActive() )
e.style.color=3D"threedshadow"
e.onclick=3DPerform
e.onmouseover=3DHighlight
e.onmouseout=3DDeselect
s=3De.style;
s.fontFamily=3DsFont
s.fontSize=3D"9pt"
s.paddingLeft=3D2
}
function CreateSeparator( node )
{
var sObj=3DCreateItem( node )
SetCMBorder(sObj,"menu","menu")
var s=3DsObj.style
s.borderTopColor=3D"threedshadow"
s.borderBottomColor=3D"threedhighlight"
s.height=3D1
s.fontSize=3D"0px"
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function CreateItem( node )
{
var elem=3DPPTSld.document.createElement("DIV")
node.insertBefore( elem )
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function SetCMBorder( o,ltClr,rbClr )
{
var s=3Do.style
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
Document Management
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&#=
8226;Font
&=
#8211;Typeface:
<font face=3D“Arial”></font>
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
&=
#8211;Size:
<font size=3D“+1”></font>
&=
#8211;Color:
<font color=3D“990000”></font>
<=
/div>
=
226;http://webmonkey.wired.com/webmonkey/reference/color_codes/Emphasis
&=
#8211;Bold:
<b></b>
&=
#8211;Italics:
<i></i>
Hypertext “Anchors”
•Links make the Web a
web!
•Internal anchors:
somewhere on the same page
–<a
href=3D“#students”> Students</a>
•Links to: <a
name=3D“students”>Student Information</a>
=
•External anchors: to
another page
–<a
href=3D“http://www.clis.umd.edu”>CLIS</a>
=
–<a
href=3D“http://www.clis.umd.edu#students”>CLIS students<=
/a>
Images
•<img src=3D&=
#8220;URL”>
or <img src=3D“path/file”>
=
–<img
src=3D“http://www.clis.umd.edu/IMAGES/head.gif”>
–SRC: can be url=
or
path/file
–ALT: a text
string
–ALIGN: position=
of
the image
–WIDTH and HEIGH=
T:
size of the image
•Can use as anch=
or:
– <a
href=3DURL><img src=3DURL2></a>
•Example:
Tables
<table align=3D“center”>
<caption align=3D“right”>The
caption</caption>
< tr
align=3D“LEFT”>
<th=
>
Header1 </th>
<th=
>
Header2</th>
</tr=
>
<tr&=
gt;<td>first
row, first item </td>
=
;
<td>first row, second item</td></tr>
<=
/div>
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Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
<
tr><td>second row, first item</td>
=
;
<td>second row, second item</td></tr>
=
</table>
Frames
•<=
/span>Divide browser pages into separate sections
–<=
/span>Useful when you want to scroll separately
•&=
#13;
•<=
/span>Each section can display an HTML page
–&=
#13;
•<=
/span>Example 1: menu frame on the left side of a page
• <frameset
cols=3D“10%,90%" >
• <fr=
ame
src=3D“template.html">
• <fr=
ame
src=3D“images.html">
• </f=
rameset>
–
•<=
/span>Example 2:
–http://www.hq.n=
asa.gov/alsj/frame.html
Designing Web Pages
&#=
8226;Key
design issues:
&=
#8211;Content:
What do you want to publish?
&=
#8211;Style:
How do you want to present it?
&=
#8211;Syntax:
How can you achieve that presentation?
&#=
8226;Sources
of information
&=
#8211;Online
tutorials (Yahoo points to lots of these)
&=
#8211;Technical
materials (e.g., the HTML 4.0 spec)
Some Style Guidelines
•Design for generic
browsers
–And test on every
version you wish to support
•Provide appropriate=
“access points”&=
#13;
–User needs and
navigation strategies differ
•Design useful
navigational aids
–A Web search may le=
ad
to the middle of a site
•Include some indica=
tion
of currency
–Date of last update,
“new” icons, etc.
•Indicate who is
responsible for the content
–Helps readers assess
authority
Accessibility Guidelines
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Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
•Design for device independence=
3;
•Maintain backward compatibility&#=
13;
–Provide alterna=
tive
pages if necessary
•Provide
alternatives for aural and visual content
–Alt tags for
images, transcripts for audio
•Make is easy for assistive device=
s to
work
–Combine structu=
ral
markup and style sheets
–Give a title to
each frame
–Use HTML tables
only for tabular data
–Use markup to
indicate language switching
HTML Editors
•Goal is to crea=
te
Web pages, not learn HTML!
•Several are
available
–Macromedia
Dreamweaver available commercially
–In Netscape,
“File” – “Edit Page” for Composer
•Tend to use
physical layout tags extensively
–Detailed control
can make hand-editing difficult
•You may still n=
eed
to edit the HTML file
–Some editors use
browser-specific features
–Some HTML featu=
res
may be missing entirely
–File names may =
be
butchered by FTP
HTML Validators
&#=
8226;Syntax
checking: cross-browser compatibility
&=
#8211;http://validator.w3.org
&#=
8226;Style
checking: improved accessibility
&=
#8211;http://bobby.watchfire.com
What’s Wrong with the Web?<=
/span>
&#=
8226;HTML
&=
#8211;Confounds
structure and appearance (XML)
•HTTP
–Can’t recognize related transactions
(Cookies)
–<=
span
style=3D'font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bid=
i-font-family:
Arial;color:#919191;mso-color-index:2;display:none'>
•URL
–Links breaks when you move a file (PURL)&=
#13;
•
What’s a Document?
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Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
&#=
8226;Content
&#=
8226;Structure
&#=
8226;Appearance
&#=
8226;Behavior
History of Structured Documents
&#=
8226;Early
standards were “typesetting
languages&#=
8221;
&=
#8211;NROFF,
TeX, LaTeX, SGML
&#=
8226;HTML
was developed for the Web
&=
#8211;Too
specialized for other uses
&#=
8226;Specialized
standards met other needs
&=
#8211;Change
tracking in Word, annotating manuscripts, …
&#=
8226;XML
seeks to unify these threads
&=
#8211;One
standard format for printing, viewing, processing
Goals of XML
&#=
8226;Metalanguage
&=
#8211;A
toolkit for design markup languages
&#=
8226;Unambiguous
markup
&=
#8211;Clear
span of tags
&#=
8226;Separate
markup from presentation
&#=
8211;Style
info =3D> stylesheet, so easy to change
&#=
8226;Be
simple
A Family of Standards
&#=
8226;Definition:
DTD
&#=
8211;Names
known types of entities with “labels”
&#=
8211;Defines
part-whole and is-a relationships
&#=
8226;Markup:
XML
&#=
8211;“Tags” regio=
ns of
text with labels
&#=
8226;Markup:
XLink
&=
#8211;Defines
“hypertext” (and other) link relationships
<=
/div>
&#=
8226;Presentation:
XSL
&=
#8211;Specifies
how each type of entity should be “rendered”
XML Example
&#=
8226;View
“The Song of the Wandering Aengus”
–http://www.umiacs.u=
md.edu/~oard/teaching/690/fall05/notes/3/xml.htm
&#=
8226;Built
from three files
&=
#8211;yeats01.xml
&=
#8211;poem01.dtd
&=
#8211;poem01.xsl
An XML Example
<?xml version=3D"1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE POEM SYSTEM "poem01.dtd">
<?xml-stylesheet type=3D"text/xsl"
href=3D"poem01.xsl"?>
<POEM>
<T=
ITLE>The
Song of Wandering Aengus</TITLE>
<A=
UTHOR>
<FIRSTNAME>W.B.</FIRSTNAME>
<LASTNAME>Yeats</LASTNAME>
</=
AUTHOR>
<STANZA>
<L=
INE>I
went on to the hazel wood,</LINE>
<L=
INEIN>Because
a fire was in my head,</LINEIN>
<LINE>And cut and peeled a h=
azel
wand,</LINE>
</STANZA>
</POEM>
Document Type Definition (DTD)
<!ELEMENT poem ( (title, author, stanza)* )>
<!ELEMENT=
title
(#PCDATA) >
<!ELEMENT author (firstname, lastname) >
<!ELEMENT firstname (#PCDATA) >
<!ELEMENT
lastname (#PCDATA) >
<!ELEMENT
stanza (line+ | linein+) >
<!ELEMENT=
line
(#PCDATA) >
<!ELEMENT linein (#PCDATA) >
#=
PCDATA span o=
f text
=
a,b=
=
a followed by b
=
a|b=
either a or b
a* 0 or=
more a’s
=
a+ 1 or=
more a’s
Specifying Appearance: XSL=
<xsl:template match=3D"POEM">
<=
/div>
![](3D"slide0028_image037.gif")
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
<HTML>=
<BODY BGCOLOR=3D"#FFFFCC">
<xsl:apply-templates/>
</BODY>
</HTML>
</xsl:template>
<xsl:template match=3D"TITLE">
=
<H1>&#=
13;
<FONT COLOR=3D"Green">
&=
nbsp;
<xsl:value-of/>
</FONT>=
;
</H1>
</xsl:template>
An XLink Example
……
<poem
xmlns:xlink=3D"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
<author
xlink:href=3D"yeatsRDFS3.xml“
=
;
xlink:type=3D"simple">W. B. Yeats</author>
=
<poems>
=
;
<poem1
xlink:href=3D"http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/wbyeats.htm" =
xlink:type=3D"simple">The Rose</poem1>
<poem2
xlink:href=3D"http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/wbyeats.htm" xlink:type=3D"simple">The Tower</poem2 >
</poems> =
3;
</poem>
<=
/div>
……….
Some XML Applications
•Text Encoding
Initiative
–For adding annotati=
on
to historical manuscripts
•Encoded Archival
Description
–To enhance automated
processing of finding aids
•Metadata Encoding a=
nd
Transmission Standard
–Bundles descriptive=
and
administrative metadata
–http://www.loc.gov/=
standards/mets/
What’s Wrong with the Web?<=
/span>
•HTML
–Confounds structure and appearance (XML)&=
#13;
–<=
span
style=3D'font-family:Arial;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bid=
i-font-family:
Arial;color:#919191;mso-color-index:2;display:none'>
&#=
8226;HTTP
&=
#8211;Can’t
recognize related transactions (Cookies)
&#=
8226;URL
&=
#8211;Links
breaks when you move a file (PURL)
Cookies
&#=
8226;Servers
know users by IP address and port
&=
#8211;Because
that’s where they send the Web pages
&#=
8226;Cookies
preserve &#=
8220;state”
&=
#8211;Server
sends data to the browser
&=
#8211;Browser
later responds with the same data
&=
#8226;A
unique code (server-side state)
&=
#8226;Information
about the user (client-side state)
Persistent URLs
www.purl.org
PURL Sever
My
Browser
PURL
URL
Resource Sever
URL
Page
Summary
•Learning to bui=
ld
simple Web pages is easy
–Which is good n=
ews
for the homework!
•<=
/span>
•All documents a=
re
structured documents
•<=
/span>
•XML is a flexib=
le
markup language toolkits
•<=
/span>
•The key is to
understand its capabilities
–XML editors can
hide much of the complexity
Before You Go!
•On a sheet of p=
aper
(no names), answer the following question:
What was the muddiest point =
in
today’s class?
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
•No connection establishment.
As we shall discuss in Section 3.5, TCP uses a three-way hands=
hake
before it starts to transfer data. UDP just blasts away without
any formal preliminaries. Thus UDP does not introduce any delay to =
establish
a connection. This is probably the principle reason why DNS runs over
UDP rather than TCP -- DNS would be much slower if it ran over TCP. HTTP
uses TCP rather than UDP, since reliability is critical for Web pages with
text. But, as we briefly discussed in Section 2.2, the TCP connection establishment
delay in HTTP is an important contributor to the "world wide <=
span
style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Ro=
man"'>wait".
•No connection state.
TCP maintains connection state in the end systems. This
connection state includes receive and send buffers, congestion control parameters,
and sequence and acknowledgment number parameters. We will see
in Section 3.5 that this state information is needed to implement TCP's reliable
data transfer service and to provide congestion control. UDP, on the other
hand, does not maintain connection state and does not track any of these <=
/span>parameters.
For this reason, a server devoted to a particular application can <=
span
style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Ro=
man"'>typically
support many more active clients when the application runs over UDP
rather than TCP.
•Small segment header overhead.=
The TCP segment has 20 bytes of header overhead in every segment, whereas
UDP only has 8 bytes of overhead.
•Unregulated =
send
rate. TCP has a congestion control mechanism that throttles
the sender when one or more links between sender and receiver becomes
excessively congested. This throttling can have a severe impact on =
real-time
applications, which can tolerate some packet loss but require a minimum
send rate. On the other hand, the speed at which UDP sends data is =
only
constrained by the rate at which the application generates data, the capabilities
of the source (CPU, clock rate, etc.) and the access bandwidth to <=
span
style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Ro=
man"'>the
Internet. We should keep in mind, however, that the receiving host does not
necessarily receive all the data - when the network is congested, a =
significant
fraction of the UDP-transmitted data could be lost due to router buffer
overflow. Thus, the receive rate is limited by network congestion even if
the sending rate is not constrained.
A server
that sits between a client application,
such as a Web browser, and a real
server. It intercepts all requests to the real server to see if it can ful=
fill
the requests itself. If not, it forwards the request to the
real server. Proxy servers have two main purposes:
Improve
Performance: Proxy servers can dramatically improve performance for
groups of users. This is because it saves the results of all requests for =
a certain
amount of time. Consider the case where both user
X and user Y access the World Wide Web<=
/span>
through a proxy server. First user X requests a certain Web
page, which we'll call Page 1. Sometime later, user Y reque=
sts
the same page. Instead of forwarding the request to the Web serv=
er
where Page 1 resides, which can be a time-consuming operation, the p=
roxy
server simply returns the Page 1 that it already fetched for user X.
Since the proxy server is often on the same network
as the user, this is a much faster operation. Real proxy
servers support hundreds or thousands of users. The major online services
such as Compuserve and America Online<=
/span>,
for example, employ an array of proxy servers.
Filter
Requests: Proxy servers can also be used to filter requests. For=
example,
a company might use a proxy server to prevent its employees from accessing
a specific set of Web sites.
Link this to postal service
The Difference Between FTP and HT=
TP File Tran=
sfer
Protocol , or FTP, is a protocol<=
/a>
used to upload
files from a server
or download<=
/a>
files
from a FTP server to a workstation. It is the way that files get transferr=
ed from
one device to another in order for the files to be available on the Intern=
et. When
ftp
appears in a URL
it means that the user is connecting to a file server and
not a log on
to the server in order to transfer files. In contrast, Hyper Tex=
t Transfer
Protocol , or HTTP, is a protocol used to transfer
files from a Web server onto a =
browser
in order to view a Web page that is on the Internet. Unlike F=
TP,
where entire files are transferred from one device to anoth=
er
and copied into memory, HTTP only transfers the contents of
a web page into a browser for viewing. FTP is a two-way system as files ar=
e transferred
back and forth between server and workstation. HTTP is a one-way system
as files are transported only from the server onto the workstation's browser.
When http appears in a URL it means that t=
he
user is connecting to a Web server and not a file server.=
The
files are transferred but not downloaded, therefore not
copied into the memory of the receiving device.
1.Table
can basically put all the html into it
2.Better
keep with basic table elements so that you have wider auidence
=
3.Use
indent to help you to read the table source data
Html
was introduced forhow the content should be displayed in the browser
<=
/span>
But
now html are asked to do things like
1. Tightly control document
display
2. Be flexible enough to de=
scribe
different, specific type of information
3. Convey information in a v=
ariety
of media and formats
4. Define complex linking
relationships between documents
5. Publish a single set of
information across a variety of media
What is XML? What
DTD
defines a document type in
1.
Its vocabulary, what kind of elements are allowed in the document type.=
3;
2.
It defines a content model for each element. A content model is a pattern =
that
tells what elements or data can go inside an element, in what order, in what
number, and whether they are required or optional. Think of this as the “grammar” of=
the
attribute.
Extensible
Stylesheet language XSL
http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS-vs-XSL
The
rules for linking in XML are defined in XML linking language, or Xlink
=
;
Any
xml element can be set up as a link by using XLink attributes: type, href,=
role,
title, show. And actuate. Html
was introduced forhow the content should be displayed in the browser
<=
/span>
But
now html are asked to do things like
1. Tightly control document
display
2. Be flexible enough to de=
scribe
different, specific type of information
3. Convey information in a v=
ariety
of media and formats
4. Define complex linking
relationships between documents
5. Publish a single set of
information across a variety of media
Uniform Resource Name (URN)",
for a name that identifies a resource or unit of information
independent of its location. URNs are globally unique, persistent,
and accessible over the network.
' + ENDSHOW_MESG + '
![](3D"notes_flag.gif")
No=
tes![](3D"buttons.gif")
