Computing
Week 1
LBSC 690
Information Technology
![](3D"slide0001_image001.jpg")
Teaching Theater Introduction
&#=
8226;Logging
on
&=
#8211;Userid
and password are your university account
&#=
8226;Key
directories
&=
#8211;Shared
class materials are on N:\SHARE
&=
#8211;Your
personal directory is at M:
&#=
8226;Taking
notes
Agenda
&#=
8226;Looking
backwards
&#=
8226;What
“computers” do
&#=
8226;How
they do it
&#=
8226;About
the course
A Very
Brief History of Computing
&#=
8226;Hardware:
all developed for the government
&=
#8211;Mechanical:
essentially a big adding machine
&=
#8211;Analog:
designed for calculus, limited accuracy
&=
#8211;Digital:
early machines filled a room
&#=
8211;Microchips:
designed for missile guidance
&#=
8226;Software:
initial applications were military
&=
#8211;Numeric:
computing gun angles
&=
#8211;Symbolic:
code-breaking
Commercial Developments
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&#=
8226;Mainframes
(1960’s)
&=
#8211;IBM
&#=
8226;Minicomputers(1970’s)
&=
#8211;DEC
&#=
8226;Personal
computers (1980’s)
&=
#8211;Apple,
Microsoft
&#=
8226;Networks
(1990’s)
&=
#8211;Web
Hardware Processing Cycle<=
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&#=
8226;Input
comes from somewhere
&=
#8211;Keyboard,
mouse, microphone, camera, …
&#=
8226;The
system does something with it
&=
#8211;Processor,
memory, software, network, …
&#=
8226;Output
goes somewhere
&=
#8211;Monitor,
speaker, robot controls, …
Discussion Point:
What’s Special About Comput= ers?
What’s Special About Comput= ers?
&#=
8226;Digital
content
&=
#8211;Perfect
copies
&#=
8226;Programmed
behavior
&=
#8211;Speed
&=
#8211;Repetition
&=
#8211;Complexity
![](3D"slide0006_image002.gif")
The Big Picture
Processor
Memory
![](3D"slide0006_image007.gif")
![](3D"slide0006_image010.gif")
Network
![](3D"slide0006_image012.gif")
Computer Hardware
&#=
8226;Central
Processing Unit (CPU)
&=
#8211;Intel
Pentium, Motorola Power PC, …
&#=
8226;Communications
“Bus”
&=
#8211;PCI,
ISA, USB, Firewire, …
&#=
8226;Storage
devices
&=
#8211;Cache,
RAM, hard drive, floppy disk, …
&#=
8226;External
communications
&=
#8211;Modem,
LAN, …=
;
![](3D"slide0065_image013.gif")
Extracted From Shelly Cashman Vermatt’s Discovering
Computers 2004
Thinking About Transfer Time
&#=
8226;Total
“transfer time” is what counts
&#=
8211;Time
for first bit + time between first and last bits
&#=
8226;For
long distances, first bit time is important
&=
#8211;California:
1/80 of a second (by optical fiber)
&=
#8211;London:1/4
of a second (by satellite)
&#=
8226;For
large files, bits per second dominates
&=
#8211;Number
of bits per second is limited by physics
&#=
8226;Inside
computers, we focus on the second factor
Thinking About Speed
&#=
8226;Speed
can be expressed two ways:
&=
#8211;How
long to do something once?
&=
#8226;Memory
speed measured as “access
time”=
&=
#8211;How
many things can you do in one second?
&=
#8226;Processor
speed measured in “instructions
per second&=
#8221;
&#=
8226;Convenient
units are typically used
&#=
8211;“10
microseconds”
rather than “0.00001
secondsR=
21;
&#=
8226;When
comparing speeds, convert units first!
The Storage Hierarchy
&#=
8226;The
problem:
&#=
8211;Fast
memory devices are expensive
&=
#8226;So
large memory devices are slow!
&=
#8211;But
fast access to large memories is needed
&#=
8226;The
solution:
&=
#8211;Keep
what you need often in small (fast) places
&=
#8226;Keep
the rest in large (slow) places
&=
#8211;Get
things to the fast place before you need them
![](3D"slide0064_image014.gif")
System Architecture
CPU
RAM
Hard
Drive
CD/
DVD
Cache
![](3D"slide0064_image015.gif")
![](3D"slide0064_image016.gif")
![](3D"slide0064_image017.gif")
![](3D"slide0064_image018.gif")
![](3D"slide0064_image019.gif")
![](3D"slide0064_image020.gif")
Motherboard
Bus
Video
Card
Input
Controller
Keyboard
Mouse
Sound
Card
Floppy
Everything is Relative
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&#=
8226;The
CPU is the fastest part of a computer
&#=
8211;1
GHz Pentium =3D 1,000 MIPS
&=
#8226;One
operation every 1 nanosecond
&#=
8226;Cache
memory is fast enough to keep up
&=
#8211;128
kB L1 cache on chip, runs at CPU speed
&#=
8211;1
MB L2 cache on motherboard, ~10 ns
&#=
8226;RAM
is larger, but slower
&#=
8211;256
MB or more, ~50 ns
Converting Units
•Speed
Unit Abbr Fraction of a se=
c
second <=
span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> sec 1
millisecond &nb=
sp;
ms 1/1,000
<=
/span>
microsecond <=
/span>m<=
/span>s 1/1,00=
0,000
nanosecond &nbs=
p;
ns 1/1,000,000,0=
00
picosecond ps 1/1,000,000,000,000
•Size
Unit Abbr<=
span
style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Ro=
man";
font-size:64%'> Bytes&=
#13;
bit b 1/8
byte B<=
span
style=3D'mso-tab-count:1;width:20.88%'> 1
kilobyte kB 1,024
megabyte =
MB 1,048,576
gigabyte GB 1,073,741,824
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terabyte TB 1,099,511,627,776
“Solid-State”
Memory
&#=
8226;ROM
&=
#8211;Does
not require power to retain the contents
&#=
8226;Cache
(“Static” RAM)
&=
#8211;Level
1 (L1) cache is on-chip
&#=
8211;Level
2 (L2) cache is reached over the bus
&#=
8226;(“Dynamic”)
RAM
&=
#8211;DRAM
is used only by the CPU
&=
#8211;VRAM
is shared by CPU and display driver
Breaks
&#=
8226;Option
1 (6:00-8:45)
&=
#8211;10
minute break after the first hour
&=
#8211;5
minute break after the second hour
&#=
8226;Option
2 (6:00-9:00)
&=
#8211;15
minute break after the first hour
&=
#8211;15
minute break after the second hour
&#=
8226;No
food or drink in the teaching theater
Introductions
&#=
8226;Over
break:
&=
#8211;Pair
up with one person you don’t yet know
&=
#8211;Introduce
yourselves to each other
&#=
8226;After
break:
&=
#8211;Introduce
your partner to us
&=
#8211;Name,
background, goals, one interesting thing
![](3D"slide0063_image022.gif")
System Architecture
CPU
RAM
Hard
Drive
CD/
DVD
Cache
![](3D"slide0063_image023.gif")
![](3D"slide0063_image024.gif")
![](3D"slide0063_image025.gif")
![](3D"slide0063_image026.gif")
![](3D"slide0063_image027.gif")
![](3D"slide0063_image028.gif")
Mass Storage
Bus
Video
Card
Input
Controller
Keyboard
Mouse
Sound
Card
Floppy
“Rotating”
Memory
&#=
8226;Fixed
magnetic disk (“hard drive”)
&=
#8211;May
be partitioned into multiple volumes
&=
#8226;In
Windows, referred to as C:, D:, E:, …
&=
#8226;In
Unix, referred to as /software, /homes, /mail, …
&#=
8226;Removable
magnetic disk
&#=
8211;Floppy
disk, zip drives, …
&#=
8226;Removal
optical disk
&=
#8211;CDROM,
DVD, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD+RW, …
How Disks Work
![](3D"slide0066_image030.gif")
![](3D"slide0066_image032.gif")
Extracted From Shelly Cashman Vermatt’s Discovering
Computers 2004
Trading Speed for Space
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&#=
8226;Hard
disk is larger than RAM but much
slower
&=
#8211;10
ms access time and 100 GB is typical
&=
#8226;One
thousand times larger than RAM
&=
#8226;10
million times slower than the CPU!
&#=
8226;The
initial access is the slow part
&=
#8211;Subsequent
bytes sent at 17 MB/sec (60 ns/byte)
&#=
8226;As
virtual memory, makes RAM seem larger
&=
#8211;But
things slow down beyond physical RAM
Discussion Point: Moore’s L=
aw
&#=
8226;Processing
speed doubles every 18 months
&=
#8211;Faster
CPU, longer words, larger L1 cache
&#=
8226;Cost/bit
for RAM drops 50% every 12 months
&=
#8211;Small
decrease in feature size has large effect
&#=
8226;Cost/bit
for disk drops 50% every 12 months
&=
#8211;But
transfer rates don’t improve much
Team Exercise
&#=
8226;Form
into groups of 4
–Be
sure you have someone who has used Excel before
in your group
=
226;Answer
question 1(d) from the Fall 1996 final exam
(available on the course Web site)
RAID
&#=
8226;Disks
can fail in two ways:
&=
#8211;Bad
sectors (data sectors, directory sectors)
&#=
8211;Mechanical
failure
&#=
8226;RAID
arrays put one bit on each disk
&=
#8211;~30%
extra allows reconstruction if one disk fails
&#=
8226;“Parallel”
data transfer is faster than “serial”
![](3D"slide0057_image033.gif")
=
…
=
000011110000
000010110000
000010010000
=
000010000000
=
…
How RAID Works
![](3D"slide0057_image034.gif")
![](3D"slide0057_image035.gif")
Original Data (256 possible values)
![](3D"slide0057_image036.gif")
Tape Backup
&#=
8226;Tapes
store data sequentially
&=
#8211;Very
fast transfer, but not “random
access̶=
1;
&#=
8226;Used
as backup storage for fixed disks
&#=
8211;Weekly
incremental backup is a good idea
&=
#8226;With
a complete (“level zero”) monthly backup
&#=
8226;Used
for archival storage
&=
#8211;Higher
data density than DVD’s
Discussion Point: Migration
&#=
8226;What
format should old tapes be converted to?
&=
#8211;Newer
tape
&=
#8211;CD
&=
#8211;DVD
&#=
8226;How
often must we “refresh” these media?
&#=
8226;How
can we afford this?
Types of Software
&#=
8226;Application
programs (e.g., Internet Explorer)
&=
#8211;What
you normally think of as a “program”
&#=
8226;Compilers
and interpreters (e.g., JavaScript)
&#=
8211;Allow
programmers to create new behavior
&#=
8226;Operating
system (e.g., Windows XP)
&=
#8211;Moves
data between disk and RAM (+lots more!)
&#=
8226;Embedded
program (e.g., BIOS)
&=
#8211;Permanent
software inside some device
Installing Applications
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=
226;Copy
to a permanent place on your hard drive
&#=
8211;From
a CD, the Internet, …
&#=
8226;Installs
any other required programs
&=
#8211;“DLL” files =
can be
shared by several applications
&#=
8226;Register
the program’s location
&#=
8211;Associates
icons/start menu items with it
&=
#8211;Configures
the uninstaller for later removal
&#=
8226;Configure
it for your system
&=
#8211;Where
to find data files and other programs
Discussion Point: What’s a
Virus?
&#=
8226;Characteristics
&=
#8211;Initiation
&=
#8211;Behavior
&=
#8211;Propagation
&#=
8226;Spyware
&#=
8226;Detection
Graphical User Interfaces<=
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&#=
8226;Easy
way to perform simple tasks
&=
#8211;Used
to start programs, manage files, …
&=
#8211;Relies
on a physical metaphor (e.g., a desktop)
&#=
8226;Built
into most modern operating systems
&=
#8211;Windows
XP, Mac System 10, Unix X-windows
&#=
8226;Application
programs include similar ideas
&=
#8211;Point-and-click,
drag and drop, …
Cursor-based Interfaces
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&#=
8226;Useful
for specifying complex operations
&#=
8226;Available
in most operating systems
&=
#8211;SSH
connection to WAM
&=
#8211;Command
window in Windows XP
&#=
8226;Used
when graphical display is difficult
&=
#8211;Dial-in
access from older computers
Summary
&#=
8226;Speed,
cost, and size:
&#=
8211;You
can easily get any 2, but not all 3
&#=
8211;Computers
use cache as a compromise strategy
&#=
8226;Hardware
and software work synergistically
&=
#8211;Our
focus will be on software and the Internet
&=
#8211;But
understand hardware abilities and limitations
Course Goals
&#=
8226;Conceptual
&=
#8211;Understand
computers and networks
&=
#8211;Appreciate
the effects of design tradeoffs
&=
#8211;Evaluate
the role of information technology
&#=
8226;Practical
&=
#8211;Learn
to use some common software tools
&=
#8211;Solve
a practical problem
&=
#8211;Develop
a personal plan for further study
Some Motivating Questions<=
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&#=
8226;What
are the technical implications for:
&=
#8211;Privacy?
&=
#8211;Copyright?
&#=
8226;How
will digital repositories develop?
&=
#8211;How
will they interact with distance education?
&=
#8211;What
are the implications for archives?
&#=
8226;How
might electronic dissemination impact:
&=
#8211;Roles
of authors, publishers, and readers?
&=
#8211;Access
by disenfranchised populations?
Some IT Courses at CLIS
Computer Systems
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Computer Systems
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Computer Systems
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![](3D"slide0050_image044.gif")
![](3D"slide0050_image045.gif")
![](3D"slide0050_image046.gif")
![](3D"slide0050_image047.gif")
![](3D"slide0050_image048.gif")
Quiz
![](3D"slide0050_image049.gif")
What I did in Grad School<=
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![3D"Text](3D"slide0050_image050.gif")
![](3D"dsld0050_image051.gif")
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Computer Systems
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Computer Systems
• Textbook
• Supplemental
readings
• Daily
access to a networked computer!
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------=_NextPart_01C5ADB0.0BBF1A50
Content-Location: file:///C:/F533C6D1/690f051_files/script.js
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: application/javascript; charset="us-ascii"
function LoadSld()
{
var sld=3DGetObj("SlideObj")
if( !g_supportsPPTHTML ) { =09
sld.style.visibility=3D"visible"
return
}
if( MakeNotesVis() ) return
runAnimations =3D _InitAnimations();
=09
if( IsWin("PPTSld") )
parent.SldUpdated(GetSldId())
g_origSz=3DparseInt(SlideObj.style.fontSize)
g_origH=3Dsld.style.posHeight
g_origW=3Dsld.style.posWidth
g_scaleHyperlinks=3D(document.all.tags("AREA").length>0)
if( g_scaleHyperlinks )
InitHLinkArray()
if( g_scaleInFrame||(IsWin("PPTSld") && parent.IsFullScrMode() ) )
document.body.scroll=3D"no"
_RSW()
if( IsWin("PPTSld") && parent.IsFullScrMode() )
FullScrInit();
=09
MakeSldVis();
ChkAutoAdv()
if( runAnimations )
{
if( document.all("NSPlay") )
document.all("NSPlay").autoStart =3D false;
if( sld.filters && sld.filters.revealtrans )
setTimeout( "document.body.start()", sld.filters.revealtrans.duration * =
1000 );
else
document.body.start();
}
}
function MakeSldVis()=20
{
var fTrans=3Dg_showAnimation && SldHasTrans()
if( fTrans )=09
{
if( g_bgSound ) {
idx=3Dg_bgSound.indexOf(",");
pptSound.src=3Dg_bgSound.substr( 0, idx );
pptSound.loop=3D -(parseInt(g_bgSound.substr(idx+1)));
}
SlideObj.filters.revealtrans.Apply()=09
}
SlideObj.style.visibility=3D"visible"
if( fTrans )
SlideObj.filters.revealtrans.Play()
}
function MakeNotesVis()=20
{
if( !IsNts() ) return false=20
SlideObj.style.display=3D"none"
nObj =3D document.all.item("NotesObj")
parent.SetHasNts(0)
if( nObj ) {=20
nObj.style.display=3D""
parent.SetHasNts(1)
}
return 1
}
function ChkAutoAdv()
{
if(SldHasTrans())
SlideObj.onfilterchange=3DAutoAdv
else
AutoAdv()
}
function AutoAdv()
{
if(!IsWin("PPTSld") || !gUseSldTimings )return
var sld=3DGetCurSld()
if( (sld.mAdvDelay>0) && !parent.IsFramesMode() )
setTimeout("parent.GoToNextSld()",sld.mAdvDelay)
}
function GetObj(id)
{
if(g_supportsPPTHTML) return document.all(id);
else return document.getElementById(id);
}
function SldHasTrans() { return SlideObj.style.filter !=3D ""; }
function GetSldId() { return sId=3Dlocation.href.substring(location.href.la=
stIndexOf('/')+1) }
function HideMenu() { if( frames["PPTSld"] && PPTSld.document.all.item("ctx=
tmenu") && PPTSld.ctxtmenu.style.display!=3D"none" ) { PPTSld.ctxtmenu.styl=
e.display=3D'none'; return true } return false }
function IsWin( name ) { return window.name =3D=3D name }
function IsNts() { return IsWin("PPTNts") }
function IsSldOrNts() { return( IsWin("PPTSld")||IsWin("PPTNts") ) }
function SupportsPPTAnimation() { return( navigator.platform =3D=3D "Win32"=
&& navigator.appVersion.indexOf("Windows")>0 ) }
function SupportsPPTHTML()
{
var appVer=3Dnavigator.appVersion, msie=3DappVer.indexOf("MSIE "), ver=3D0
if( msie >=3D 0 )
ver=3DparseFloat( appVer.substring( msie+5, appVer.indexOf(";",msie) ) )
else
ver=3DparseInt(appVer)
return( ver >=3D 4 && msie >=3D 0 )
}
function _RSW()
{
if( !g_supportsPPTHTML || IsNts() ||
( !g_scaleInFrame && (!IsWin("PPTSld") || !parent.IsFullScrMode()) ) )
return
var padding=3D0;
if( IsWin("PPTSld") && parent.IsFramesMode() ) padding=3D6
cltWidth=3Ddocument.body.clientWidth-padding
cltHeight=3Ddocument.body.clientHeight-padding
factor=3D(1.0*cltWidth)/g_origW
if( cltHeight < g_origH*factor )
factor=3D(1.0*cltHeight)/g_origH
newSize =3D g_origSz * factor
if( newSize < 1 ) newSize=3D1
s=3DSlideObj.style
s.fontSize=3DnewSize+"px"
s.posWidth=3Dg_origW*factor
s.posHeight=3Dg_origH*factor
s.posLeft=3D(cltWidth-s.posWidth+padding)/2
s.posTop=3D(cltHeight-s.posHeight+padding)/2
if( g_scaleHyperlinks )
ScaleHyperlinks( factor )
}
function _InitAnimations()
{
animRuntimeInstalled =3D ''+document.body.localTime !=3D 'undefined';
isFullScreen =3D (window.name =3D=3D "PPTSld") && !parent.IsFramesMode();
g_animUseRuntime =3D g_showAnimation && animRuntimeInstalled && !(isFullSc=
reen && parent.IsSldVisited());
if( g_animUseRuntime ) {
collSeq =3D document.all.tags("seq");
if( collSeq !=3D null ) {
for(ii=3D0;ii numSlds )
gSldJumpIdx =3D numSlds;
if ( gSldJumpIdx >=3D 0 ) {
if ( gSldJumpIdx =3D=3D 0 )
gSldJumpIdx =3D 1;
var jumpTo =3D parseInt(gSldJumpIdx);
gSldJump =3D 0; gSldJumpIdx =3D "";
win.GoToSld( parent.GetSldList().mList[jumpTo-1].mSldHref )
}
}
}
function _KDH()
{
if( event.keyCode =3D=3D 8 ) {
event.returnValue =3D 0;
parent.GoToPrevSld();
}
}function DocumentOnClick()
{
if( IsNts() || parent.HideMenu() ) return;
if( ( g_allowAdvOnClick && (window.name=3D=3D"PPTSld") && !parent.IsFrames=
Mode() ) ||
(event && event.keyCode=3D=3D32) ) {
=09
if( g_animUseRuntime && g_animMainSequence && g_animMainSequence.cangonex=
t )
return;
parent.GoToNextSld();
}
}
var g_supportsPPTHTML =3D SupportsPPTHTML(), g_scaleInFrame =3D 1, gId=3D""=
, g_bgSound=3D"",
g_scaleHyperlinks =3D false, g_allowAdvOnClick =3D 1, g_showInBrowser =
=3D 0, gLoopCont =3D 0, gUseSldTimings =3D 0;
var g_showAnimation =3D g_supportsPPTHTML && SupportsPPTAnimation() && ( (w=
indow.name=3D=3D"PPTSld" && !parent.IsFramesMode()) || g_showInBrowser );va=
r g_animManager =3D null;
var g_animUseRuntime =3D false;
var g_animItemsToHide, g_animInteractiveItems, g_animSlideTime;
var g_animMainSequence =3D null;
var ENDSHOW_MESG=3D"End of slide show, click to exit.", SCREEN_MODE=3D"Fram=
es", gIsEndShow=3D0, NUM_VIS_SLDS=3D53, SCRIPT_HREF=3D"script.js", FULLSCR_=
HREF=3D"fullscreen.htm";
var gCurSld =3D gPrevSld =3D 1, g_offset =3D 0, gNtsOpen =3D gHasNts =3D gO=
tlTxtExp =3D 0, gHasNarration =3D 0, gOtlOpen =3D true
window.gPPTHTML=3DSupportsPPTHTML()
var gMainDoc=3Dnew Array(new hrefList("slide0001.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList(=
"slide0034.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0002.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("=
slide0003.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0004.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("s=
lide0005.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0049.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("sl=
ide0006.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0007.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("sli=
de0065.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0008.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slid=
e0009.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0010.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide=
0064.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0011.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0=
012.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0013.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide00=
44.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0056.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide006=
3.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0014.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0066=
.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0016.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0047.=
htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0068.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0054.h=
tm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0057.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0020.ht=
m",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0053.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0029.htm=
",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0055.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0048.htm"=
,1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0030.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0031.htm",=
1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0032.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0036.htm",1=
,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0061.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0060.htm",1,=
-1,1),new hrefList("slide0037.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0038.htm",1,-=
1,1),new hrefList("slide0067.htm",1,247738,1),new hrefList("slide0058.htm",=
1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0050.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0043.htm",1=
,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0040.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0041.htm",1,=
-1,1),new hrefList("slide0042.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0039.htm",1,-=
1,1),new hrefList("slide0045.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0046.htm",1,-1=
,1),new hrefList("slide0052.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0033.htm",1,-1,=
1),new hrefList("slide0051.htm",1,-1,1));
/*********************************************
Frameset functions
These functions control slide navigation
and state of the frameset.
**********************************************/
function FullScrInit()
{
g_allowAdvOnClick =3D GetCurSld().mAdvOnClk
document.body.style.backgroundColor=3D"black"
document.oncontextmenu=3Dparent._CM;
document.onkeydown =3D _KDH;
document.ondragstart=3DCancel
document.onselectstart=3DCancel
self.focus()
}
function Redirect( frmId )
{=09
var str=3Ddocument.location.hash,idx=3Dstr.indexOf('#'), sId=3DGetSldId()
if(idx>=3D0) str=3Dstr.substr(1);
if( window.name !=3D frmId && ( sId !=3D str) ) {
obj =3D GetObj("Main-File")
window.location.href=3Dobj.href+"#"+sId
return 1
}
return 0
}
var MHTMLPrefix =3D CalculateMHTMLPrefix();=20
function CalculateMHTMLPrefix()
{
if ( document.location.protocol =3D=3D 'mhtml:') {=20
href=3Dnew String(document.location.href)=20
Start=3Dhref.indexOf('!')+1=20
End=3Dhref.lastIndexOf('/')+1=20
if (End < Start)=20
return href.substring(0, Start)=20
else=20
return href.substring(0, End)=20
}
return '';
}
function GetTags(base,tag)
{
if(g_supportsPPTHTML) return base.all.tags(tag);
else return base.getElementsByTagName(tag);
}
function UpdNtsPane(){ if(frames["PPTNts"]) PPTNts.location.replace( MHTMLP=
refix+GetHrefObj( gCurSld ).mNtsHref ) }
function UpdNavPane( sldIndex ){ if(gNavLoaded) PPTNav.UpdNav() }
function UpdOtNavPane(){ if(gOtlNavLoaded) PPTOtlNav.UpdOtlNav() }
function UpdOtlPane(){ if(gOtlLoaded) PPTOtl.UpdOtl() }
function SetHasNts( fVal )
{
if( gHasNts !=3D fVal ) {
gHasNts=3DfVal
UpdNavPane()
}
}
function ToggleOtlText()
{
gOtlTxtExp=3D!gOtlTxtExp
UpdOtlPane()
}
function ClearMedia()
{
// Clear any sounds playing before launching another browser window. Other=
wise,
// in fullscreen mode, you'll continue to hear the sound in the frames mod=
e.
if (PPTSld.pptSound) PPTSld.pptSound.loop =3D 0;
}
function FullScreen()
{=20
if ( PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime )
PPTSld.document.body.pause();
ClearMedia();
var href =3D ( document.location.protocol =3D=3D 'mhtml:') ? FULLSCR_HREF =
: FULLSCR_HREF+"#"+GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mSldHref;
if(PPTNav.event.ctrlKey) {
var w =3D (window.screen.availWidth * 1.0) / 2.0
var h =3D w * (PPTSld.g_origH * 1.0) / PPTSld.g_origW
win =3D window.open( MHTMLPrefix+href,null,"toolbar=3D0,resizable=3D1,top=
=3D0,left=3D0," + "width=3D"+ w + ",height=3D" + h );
if( win.document.body && PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime )
win.document.body.PPTSldFrameset=3Dwindow;
}
else
{
win =3D window.open( MHTMLPrefix+href,null,"fullscreen=3Dyes" );
if( win.document.body && PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime )
win.document.body.PPTSldFrameset=3Dwindow;
}
}
function ToggleVNarration()
{
rObj=3DPPTSld.document.all("NSPlay")
if( rObj && !PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) {
if( (rObj.playState =3D=3D 1)||(rObj.playState =3D=3D 0) )
rObj.Play()
else if( rObj.playState =3D=3D 2 )
rObj.Pause()
else
return;
}
else if( PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime )
{
narObj =3D PPTSld.document.all("narrationID")
if( narObj )
narObj.togglePause()
}
}
function GetCurSldNum()
{ =20
obj=3DGetHrefObj(gCurSld)
if( obj.mOrigVis =3D=3D 1 )
return obj.mSldIdx
else =20
return gCurSld
}
function GetNumSlds()
{ =20
if( GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mOrigVis =3D=3D 1 )
return GetSldList().mNumVisSlds;
else
return GetSldList().mList.length
}
function GetSldNum( href )
{
for(ii=3D0; ii 1 )
PopSldList();
else if( !IsFramesMode() ) {
if( gLoopCont )
GoToFirst()
else
EndShow()
}
}
function GoToPrevSld()
{
ii=3DgCurSld-1
if( ii > 0 ) {
obj=3DGetHrefObj(ii)
while ( obj && ( obj.mVis =3D=3D 0 ) && ( ii>0 ) )
obj=3DGetHrefObj(--ii)
if( ii =3D=3D 0 ) ii=3D1
GoToSldNum(ii)
}
}
function GoToFirst(){ GoToSld( GetHrefObj(1).mSldHref ) }
function GoToLast()
{
ii=3DGetSldList().mList.length
if( ii !=3D gCurSld )
GoToSld( GetHrefObj(ii).mSldHref )
}
function GoToSldNum( num )
{
if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue
obj =3D GetHrefObj( num )
obj.mVis=3D1
gPrevSld=3DgCurSld
gCurSld =3D num;
PPTSld.location.replace(MHTMLPrefix+obj.mSldHref)
if( IsFramesMode() ) {
UpdNavPane(); UpdOtlPane(); UpdNtsPane()
}
}
function GoToSld( href )
{
if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue
GetHrefObj( GetSldNum(href) ).mVis=3D1
PPTSld.location.replace(MHTMLPrefix+href)
}
function SldUpdated( id )
{
if( id =3D=3D GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mSldHref ) return
gPrevSld=3DgCurSld
gCurSld=3DGetSldNum(id)
if( IsFramesMode() ) {
UpdNavPane(); UpdOtlPane(); UpdNtsPane()
}
}
function PrevSldViewed(){ GoToSld( GetHrefObj(gPrevSld).mSldHref ) }
function HasPrevSld() { return ( gIsEndShow || ( gCurSld !=3D 1 && GetHrefO=
bj( gCurSld-1 ).mVis =3D=3D 1 )||( GetCurSldNum() > 1 ) ) }
function HasNextSld() { return (GetCurSldNum() !=3D GetNumSlds()) }
function CloseWindow() {
if( HideMenu() ) return;
=09
var event =3D PPTSld.event;
if( !IsFramesMode() && event && (event.keyCode=3D=3D27 || event.keyCode=3D=
=3D32 || event.type=3D=3D"click" ) )
window.close( self );
CatchNumKeys( self, event );
}
function Unload() { gIsEndShow=3D0; }
function SetupEndShow() {
gIsEndShow=3D1;
PPTSld.document.body.scroll=3D"no";
PPTSld.document.onkeypress=3DCloseWindow;
PPTSld.document.onclick=3DCloseWindow;
PPTSld.document.oncontextmenu=3D_CM;
}
function EndShow()
{
if( IsFramesMode() ) return
if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue
doc=3DPPTSld.document
var dir =3D doc.body.dir
if( dir !=3D "rtl" ) dir =3D "ltr";
doc.open()
doc.writeln(' 0) {
PushSldList(sldList,fEnd);
gCurSld =3D 1;
}
else
if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue
}
function PushSldList(arr,fEnd) {
var ii =3D gSldStack.length;
gSldStack[ii] =3D new SldList(arr,gCurSld,fEnd);
GoToSld( gSldStack[ii].mList[0].mSldHref );
}
function PopSldList() {
if (gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1].fEndShow)
EndShow()
else {
gCurSld =3D gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1].mCurSld;
gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1] =3D null;
gSldStack.length--;
var sldList =3D gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1];
GoToSld( sldList.mList[gCurSld - 1].mSldHref );
}
}
var custShowList=3Dnew Array();
/*********************************************
Navigation button implementation
There are 2 types of buttons: ImgBtn, TxtBtn
implemented as function objects. They share
a similiar interface so the event handlers
can call SetActive, for example, on a button=20
object without needing to know exactly=20
what type of button it is.
**********************************************/
//----------------------------------
function ImgBtn( oId,bId,w,action )
//----------------------------------
{
var t=3Dthis
t.Perform =3D _IBP
t.SetActive =3D _IBSetA
t.SetInactive=3D _IBSetI
t.SetPressed =3D _IBSetP
t.SetDisabled=3D _IBSetD
t.Enabled =3D _IBSetE
t.ChangeIcon =3D null
t.UserAction =3D action
t.ChgState =3D _IBUI
t.mObjId =3D oId
t.mBorderId=3D bId
t.mWidth =3D w
t.mIsOn =3D t.mCurState =3D 0
}
function _IBSetA()
{
if( this.mIsOn ) {
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,2 )
obj.style.posTop=3D0
}
}
function _IBSetI()
{
if( this.mIsOn ) {
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,1 )
obj.style.posTop=3D0=20
}
}
function _IBSetP()
{
if( this.mIsOn ) {
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,2 )
obj.style.posLeft+=3D1; obj.style.posTop+=3D1
}
}
function _IBSetD()
{ =20
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0 )
obj.style.posTop=3D0=20
}
function _IBSetE( state )
{
var t=3Dthis
GetObj( t.mBorderId ).style.visibility=3D"visible"
if( state !=3D t.mIsOn ) {
t.mIsOn=3Dstate
if( state )
t.SetInactive()
else
t.SetDisabled()
}
}
function _IBP()
{
var t=3Dthis
if( t.mIsOn ) {
if( t.UserAction !=3D null )
t.UserAction()
if( t.ChangeIcon ) {
obj=3DGetObj(t.mObjId)
if( t.ChangeIcon() )
obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-4)*t.mWidth
else
obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-0)*t.mWidth
}
t.SetActive()
} =20
}
function _IBUI( clr1,clr2,nextState )
{
var t=3Dthis
SetBorder( GetObj( t.mBorderId ),clr1,clr2 )
obj=3DGetObj( t.mObjId )
obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-nextState)*t.mWidth-obj=
.style.posTop
t.mCurState=3DnextState
return obj
}
//-----------------------------------------
function TxtBtn( oId,oeId,action,chkState )
//-----------------------------------------
{
var t=3Dthis
t.Perform =3D _TBP
t.SetActive =3D _TBSetA
t.SetInactive=3D _TBSetI
t.SetPressed =3D _TBSetP
t.SetDisabled=3D _TBSetD
t.SetEnabled =3D _TBSetE
t.GetState =3D chkState
t.UserAction =3D action
t.ChgState =3D _TBUI
t.mObjId =3D oId
t.m_elementsId=3D oeId
t.mIsOn =3D 1
}
function _TBSetA()
{
var t=3Dthis
if( t.mIsOn && !t.GetState() )
t.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,0,0 )
}
function _TBSetI()
{
var t=3Dthis
if( t.mIsOn && !t.GetState() )
t.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 )
}
function _TBSetP()
{
if( this.mIsOn )
this.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,1,1 )
}
function _TBSetD()
{ =20
this.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 )
this.mIsOn =3D 0
}
function _TBSetE()
{
var t=3Dthis
if( !t.GetState() )
t.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 )
else
t.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,1,1 )
t.mIsOn =3D 1
}
function _TBP()
{
var t=3Dthis
if( t.mIsOn ) {=20
if( t.UserAction !=3D null )
t.UserAction()
if( !t.GetState )
return
if( t.GetState() )
t.SetPressed()
else
t.SetActive()
} =20
}
function _TBUI( clr1,clr2,lOffset,tOffset )
{
SetBorder( GetObj( this.mObjId ),clr1,clr2 )
Offset( GetObj( this.m_elementsId ),lOffset,tOffset )
}
function Offset( obj, top, left ){ obj.style.top=3Dtop; obj.style.left=3Dle=
ft }
function SetBorder( obj, upperLeft, lowerRight )
{
s=3Dobj.style;
s.borderStyle =3D "solid"
s.borderWidth =3D 1=20
s.borderLeftColor =3D s.borderTopColor =3D upperLeft
s.borderBottomColor=3D s.borderRightColor =3D lowerRight
}
function GetBtnObj(){ return gBtnArr[window.event.srcElement.id] }
function BtnOnOver(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetActive() }
function BtnOnDown(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetPressed() }
function BtnOnOut(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetInactive() }
function BtnOnUp()
{
b=3DGetBtnObj()
if( b !=3D null )
b.Perform()
else
Upd()
}
function GetNtsState(){ return parent.gNtsOpen }
function GetOtlState(){ return parent.gOtlOpen }
function GetOtlTxtState(){ return parent.gOtlTxtExp }
function NtsBtnSetFlag( fVal )
{
s=3Ddocument.all.item( this.m_flagId ).style
s.display=3D"none"
if( fVal )
s.display=3D""
else
s.display=3D"none"
}
function _BSetA_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S=
etActive() }
function _BSetI_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S=
etInactive() }
function _BSetP_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S=
etPressed() }
function _BSetA_BorderImg()
{=20
b =3D gBtnArr[this.mBorderId]=20
if( b !=3D null && this.mIsOn && !b.GetState() ) {
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,2 )
obj.style.posTop=3D0
}
}
function _BSetI_BorderImg()
{=20
b =3D gBtnArr[this.mBorderId]
if( b !=3D null && this.mIsOn && !b.GetState() ) {
obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,1 )
obj.style.posTop=3D0
}
}
var gHiliteClr=3D"THREEDHIGHLIGHT",gShadowClr=3D"THREEDSHADOW",gFaceClr=3D"=
THREEDFACE"
var gBtnArr =3D new Array()
gBtnArr["nb_otl"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_otl","nb_otlElem",parent.ToggleOtlPan=
e,GetOtlState )
gBtnArr["nb_otlElem"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_otl","nb_otlElem",parent.ToggleOt=
lPane,GetOtlState )
gBtnArr["nb_nts"] =3D new ImgBtn( "nb_nts","nb_ntsBorder",10,parent.ToggleN=
tsPane )
gBtnArr["nb_nts"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_BorderImg;
gBtnArr["nb_nts"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_BorderImg;
gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_ntsBorder","nb_ntsElem",parent.=
ToggleNtsPane,GetNtsState )
gBtnArr["nb_ntsElem"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_ntsBorder","nb_ntsElem",parent.To=
ggleNtsPane,GetNtsState )
gBtnArr["nb_prevBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_prev"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_prev","n=
b_prevBorder",30,parent.GoToPrevSld )
gBtnArr["nb_nextBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_next"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_next","n=
b_nextBorder",30,parent.GoToNextSld )
gBtnArr["nb_sldshw"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwBorder",18,parent=
.FullScreen )
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwBorder",pa=
rent.FullScreen,null )
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_Border;
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_Border;
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwText",parent=
.FullScreen,null )
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_Border;
gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_Border;
gBtnArr["nb_voice"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_voiceBorder"] =3D new ImgBtn( "nb_voice=
","nb_voiceBorder",18,parent.ToggleVNarration )
gBtnArr["nb_otlTxtBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_otlTxt"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_otlT=
xt","nb_otlTxtBorder",23,parent.ToggleOtlText )
gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"].m_flagId=3D "nb_nts"
gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"].SetFlag =3D NtsBtnSetFlag
gBtnArr["nb_otlTxt"].ChangeIcon=3D GetOtlTxtState
/*********************************************
Context menu implementation
_CM() is the function that's hooked up to
the oncontextmenu event. Once we're asked to
show the menu, we first build it by creating
DIVs on-the-fly. Then we position it=20
within the screen area so it doesn't get
clipped.
Creating the DIVs using createElement() means
we don't have to write out any extra HTML
into the slide HTML files.
**********************************************/
var sNext=3D"Next",sPrev=3D"Previous",sEnd=3D"End Show",sFont=3D"Arial",sAr=
row=3D"Arrow",sFreeform=3D"Freeform",sRect=3D"Rectangle",sOval=3D"Oval"
function ShowMenu()
{
BuildMenu();
var doc=3DPPTSld.document.body,x=3DPPTSld.event.clientX+doc.scrollLeft,y=
=3DPPTSld.event.clientY+doc.scrollTop
m =3D PPTSld.document.all.item("ctxtmenu")
m.style.pixelLeft=3Dx
if( (x+m.scrollWidth > doc.clientWidth)&&(x-m.scrollWidth > 0) )
m.style.pixelLeft=3Dx-m.scrollWidth
m.style.pixelTop=3Dy
if( (y+m.scrollHeight > doc.clientHeight)&&(y-m.scrollHeight > 0) )
m.style.pixelTop=3Dy-m.scrollHeight
m.style.display=3D""
}
function _CM()
{
if( !parent.IsFullScrMode() ) return;
if(!PPTSld.event.ctrlKey) {
ShowMenu()
return false
} else
HideMenu()
}
function BuildMenu()
{
if( PPTSld.document.all.item("ctxtmenu") ) return
var mObj=3DCreateItem( PPTSld.document.body )
mObj.id=3D"ctxtmenu"
mObj.style.visibility=3D"hidden"
var s=3DmObj.style
s.position=3D"absolute"
s.cursor=3D"default"
s.width=3D"120px"
SetCMBorder(mObj,"menu","black")
var iObj=3DCreateItem( mObj )
SetCMBorder( iObj, "threedhighlight","threedshadow" )
iObj.style.padding=3D2
CreateMenuItem( iObj,sNext,M_GoNextSld,M_True )
CreateMenuItem( iObj,sPrev,M_GoPrevSld,M_HasPrevSld )
=09
CreateSeparator( iObj )
CreateMenuItem( iObj,sEnd,M_End,M_True )
mObj.style.visibility=3D"visible"
}
function Cancel() { window.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue; window.event.returnVa=
lue=3Dfalse }
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Computer Systems
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•708D Digital Library Implementation
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•708V Information Analysis on the
Internet
•733 Networks
•715 Knowledge Management
•790 Building Systems (programming)
•793 Database Design
•796 Information Retrieval Systems
Instructional Staff
&#=
8226;Professor:
Dr. Doug Oard
&=
#8211;Offices:
HBK 4121G/AVW 3145
&=
#8211;Email:
oard@umd.edu
(finds me anywhere)
&#=
8226;Teaching
Assistant: GoUn Kim
&=
#8211;Labs
in HBK 2101, times TBA
&=
#8211;Email:
gounkim@umd.edu
&#=
8226;Teaching
Theater Technician
Approach
&#=
8226;Readings
&=
#8211;Provide
background and detail
&#=
8226;Class
sessions
&=
#8211;Provide
conceptual structure
&=
#8226;Outline
notes provided in class
&=
#8226;Slides
and videotapes available
&#=
8226;Homework,
lab sessions, project
&=
#8211;Provide
hands-on experience
&#=
8226;Quiz,
exams
&=
#8211;Measure
progress
The Grand Plan
Networks
XML
Multimedia
Computers
Interaction
Search
Communication
Web
Life Cycle
Policy
Databases
Programming
Web Databases
Midterm
Project
Final
Quiz
A Personal Approach to Learning
=
226;Work
ahead, so that you are never
behind
&#=
8226;Ask
questions about the readings
&#=
8226;Augment
practical skills with OIT training
&#=
8226;Pick
topics you want to learn more about
=
226;Start
thinking about your project soon
&=
#8211;Pick
partners with complementary skills
Getting From Here to There=
What you know now
What you need to know
Midterm
Nobody does this!
Syllabus
&#=
8226;Master
the tools in the first 8 weeks
&#=
8211;2
readings and one homework most weeks
&#=
8226;Explore
integrating issues the last 6 weeks
&=
#8211;1
reading each week + the project
Grading
&#=
8226;35-38%
individual work
&=
#8211;Exams:
25% for the best, 10% for the other
=
226;12-15%
group work, in any groups you like
&=
#8211;3%
each for best 5 of the 7 homework/quiz
&#=
8226;40%
group work, in 3-person project teams
&=
#8211;25%
for the project, 15% for the report
&#=
8226;10%
class participation
Some Observations on Grading
&#=
8226;One
exam is worth more than all the homework
&=
#8211;Message: Use the homework to learn the
material
&#=
8226;Midterm
grades predict final grades well
&=
#8211;Message:
Develop sound study skills early
&#=
8226;You
need not be good at everything to get an A
&=
#8211;But
you do need to be excellent
at several things
The Fine Print
&#=
8226;Group
work is encouraged on homework
&=
#8211;But
you must personally write what you turn in
&#=
8226;Deadlines
are firm and sharp
–Allowances
for individual circumstances are included in the grading
computation
=
226;Academic
integrity is a serious matter
&=
#8211;No
group work during the exams or the quiz!
&=
#8211;Don’t
discuss exam until all sections are done
Course Materials
<=
span
class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.04%'>•A
few floppy disks or a USB memory stick
Computing at Maryland
&#=
8226;Computer
Labs (IBM, Mac, Unix)
&=
#8211;HBK
2105 (IBM and MAC, CLIS students only)
&=
#8211;PG2: 24 hr WAM lab
<=
/div>
&=
#8226;Need
an OIT “pay for print&=
#8221;
account
&#=
8226;Dial-in
access (Unix only)
&=
#8211;College
Park (301)209-0700 (3hr)/864-2087(15min)
&=
#8211;Baltimore
(410)962-8865(3hr)/962-8867(15min)
&=
#8226;WAM
userid and password required
Homework Goals
&#=
8226;Think
about relative speed and relative size
&#=
8226;Interpret
specifications for computer systems
&#=
8226;Try
some “back of the envelope” calculations
&#=
8226;Some
helpful hints:
&=
#8211;There
is a calculator in Windows XP accessories
&=
#8211;If
you’re rusty on math, the TA can help in lab
Saving Your Notes
&#=
8226;First,
save the Word file on your M: drive
&=
#8211;Connect
over the Web to pick it up
&=
#8226;http://ttclass.umd.edu
&#=
8226;If
you have a floppy or a USB memory stick
&=
#8211;Save
the Word file again there
Obtaining Recordings
&#=
8226;All
classes recorded
&#=
8211;Fixed
camera angle, generally focused on screen
&#=
8211;Microphones
in the ceiling
&#=
8226;Available
over the Internet
&=
#8211;Postage-stamp
video, some audio distortion
&#=
8226;Videotapes
available in Wasserman Library
&#=
8211;Available
for viewing only in the library
Before You Go
• On a sheet of paper, answer the following (ungraded)
question (no names, please):
=
What
was the muddiest point in today’s clas=
s?
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
' + ENDSHOW_MESG + '
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