Copyright © 2004 by the Association for Computing Machinery, Inc. and the Society for industrial and Applied Mathematics. All Rights reserved. Printed in The United States of America. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored, or transmitted in any manner without the written permission of the publisher. For information, write to the Association for Computing Machinery, 1515 Broadway, New York, NY 10036 and the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 3600 University City Science Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104-2688

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t1 Demands M 1 and M 2 . t2 Demands M 1 and M 2 .

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M1 M1 Generates M 1 and M 2. s M1 M2 M 1+M 2 M2 M2

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