+++ Blankertz +++ Kawanabe +++ Tomioka +++ Hohlefeld +++ Nikulin +++ Müller +++

Invaositer nt CSP r a ID W67 P
Nonstationarities
e.g., variations in task involvement, excitement, nervousness

Calibration
Calibration measurement
R L L R L R

BCI Control
Ordinary CSP

Filter

Pattern

Discriminability
Imagined movement (L: left, R: right hand)

0

0.5 1.0 Disturbance level

2.0

Nonstationarity
Filter

Disturbance measurement

Invariant CSP
Enforce invariance

Pattern
0 0.5 1.0 Disturbance level 2.0

Capture nonstationarities (e.g., a-modulation, artifacts, emotion)

Nonstationarity